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Exam 3 > Combat Life Saving > Flashcards

Combat Life Saving Flashcards

0
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of shock

A
  • Sweaty but cool skin
  • Pale Skin
  • Thirst
  • Restlessness
  • Nervousness
  • Loss of blood
  • Confusion or loss of awareness
  • Faster than normal breathing
  • Blotchy/Bluish skin
  • Nausea and vomiting
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1
Q

What is shock

A

Caused by severe or minor trauma causing pain to body

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2
Q

What is “Hemorrhagic Shock”

A

When the body loses 20% blood, bleed out in 60-120sec

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3
Q

What are the treatment/prevention for shock

A
  • DO NOT MOVE
  • Elevate casualty feet higher than heart
  • Loosen clothing at neck and waist
  • Prevent chilling or overheating
  • Calm casualty
  • DO NOT give casualty food or drink
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4
Q

What are the 2 types of soft tissue injuries

A

Close Wound

Open Wound

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5
Q

What is a close wound

A

Blunt objects striking body with force to crush tissue beneath skin

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6
Q

What is a contusion

A

Swelling/Pain, caused by blood leaking into wound

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7
Q

What is a open wound

A

The surface of the skin been broken

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8
Q

What is a abrasion

A

Loss of portion of epidermis from being rubbed or scrapped across hard surface

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9
Q

What is a laceration

A

Cut produced by glass, metal, etc that leave jagged wound on the skin

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10
Q

What is a incision

A

Same as laceration, but the cut is “CLEAN”, no jagged edge

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11
Q

What is a puncture wound

A

Result from stab with knife, nail, icepick, pointed object

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12
Q

What are the treatment for open wounds

A
  • Control bleeding by direct pressure
  • Pressure point
  • Tourniquet
  • Apply sterile dressing
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13
Q

3 types of special wounds

A

Avulsion, Crushing Wounds, Amputations

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14
Q

What is a avulsion

A

Whole piece of skin (tissue/muscle) torn loose or left hanging as a flap

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15
Q

What is a crushing wound

A

Contusion, but underlying skeletal support is also damage

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16
Q

What is a amputation

A

Caused by explosion, sharp object, or by separations

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17
Q

What are the symptom of an open or “sucking” chest wound

A

-Pain at the site of the injury.
-Pain that is aggravated by or occurs with breathing, localized around
the site of an injury in the chest.
-Dyspnea (difficulty or pain with breathing).
-Failure of one or both sides of the chest to expand normally when inhaling.
-Rapid, weak pulse and low blood pressure.
-Cyanosis (discoloration) of the lips, fingertips, or fingernails.

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18
Q

How to treat a sucking crest wound

A

-Use a field dressing plastic wrapper.
-Tear open one end of the plastic wrapper covering the field dressing.
Be careful not to destroy the wrapper.
-Remove the inner packet (field dressing).
-Tear open the empty plastic wrapper and create a flat surface, using
as much of the wrapper as possible.
-Place wrapper over wound. Place the inside surface of the plastic wrapper directly over the open chest wound as the casualty exhales
and hold in place.
-Apply dressing to the wound.
-Using the free hand, shake open the field dressing and place the white side of the dressing directly over the plastic wrapper covering the open wound, holding it securely in place to create an airtight dressing.
-Place casualty on injured side. Position the casualty on his injured side or in a sitting position, whichever makes breathing easier.
-Make the victim warm and evacuate as soon as possible.

19
Q

What is tension pneumothorax

A
  • Air pressure within the chest cavity builds up to such a degree that the collapsed lung is pressed firmly against the uninjured lung and heart, interfering both with the ventilation of the good lung and with heart action.
  • Tension pneumothorax is the 2nd leading cause of preventable death on the battlefield
20
Q

What are 3 Types of Bleeding

A

Arterial, Venous, Capillary

21
Q

What is arterial bleeding

A
  • Flow of bright red blood (due to the oxygen content) that pumps out in distinct spurts
  • can bleed to death 2-3min
22
Q

What is Venous Bleeding

A

Steady flow of dark red or maroon-colored blood

23
Q

What is Capillary Bleeding

A

Slow oozing of blood, usually from minor wounds

24
How to do control External Bleeding
- Controlled by both elevating the wound and by the application of direct pressure. - Apply pressure to the wound using a sterile dressing. - Do not attempt to replace a dressing once it is held in place even though it may become blood-soaked. - Replacing a dressing releases pressure on the cut blood vessels, interferes with normal coagulation, and increases the probability of contamination. - Rather than replacing the dressing, place another one on top of the soaked dressing and hold them all in place.
25
What are the 4 most effective pressure points
- Temporal - Carotid - Brachial - Femoral
26
What are the 3 bandages are currently being issued with the IFAK
- QuickClot - HemCon - Combat Gauze
27
What are common Tourniquet Mistakes
- Not using one when you should - Using one when not appropriate - Putting it too close to wound - Not applied tightly enough
28
What are the symptoms of internal bleeding
- Rapid and weak pulse - Pale, moist and cold skin - Shallow and rapid respiration - Thirst - Dilated pupils - Coughing up or vomiting dark red blood the color of coffee grounds. - Stiff abdominal muscles.
29
What is the treatment for Internal Bleeding
- Treat for shock - Give nothing by mouth - Evacuate as soon as possible
30
What is Abdominal Cavity
- A smooth, glistening, thin tissue called the peritoneum lines - Organs inside are classified as either solid organs or hollow organs.
31
What is Abdominal Wound Symptoms
-Nausea and vomiting are good indications of abdominal injury, especially if the vomitus contains blood -Pain, although usually minimal in the abdomen -Tenderness exists in affected areas -Muscle spasms or a stiffening of the abdominal muscles suggests the irritation of the lining of the abdominal cavity -Shock -Bruises and Abrasions
32
What is the treatment for Abdominal Wounds
-Position the casualty on his or her back with the knees flexed up to relieve pressure on the muscles of the abdomen -Expose the wound. Remove loose clothing from the wound, leaving clothing that is stuck in place -With a clean, moist dressing, gently pick up any organs that may be on the ground. Place the organs on top of the casualty's abdomen DO NOT attempt to replace any protruding organs -Apply moist field dressing Grasp tails of dressing with two hands. -Hold dressing directly over wound with white side down. Pull dressing open and place directly over wound. -With one hand, hold dressing in place and use the other hand to wrap one of the tails around the body. -Wrap the other tail in the opposite direction until the dressing is completely covered. -Tie the tails with the knot at the patient's side. -Treat for shock and evacuate as soon as possible.
33
What is the classification of burns
Burns are classified in degrees, i.e. First, Second and Third
34
What are First-degree burns
Superficial layer of the epidermis and result only in reddening of the skin.
35
What are Second-degree burns
Damage into but not through the dermas and characteristically result in blisters forming on the skin
36
What are Third-degree burn
Destroy the skin down to the subcutaneous fat. Skin may appear pale, dry, and white or it may be brown or charred. LIFE THREATENING EMERGENCIES
37
What are the 3 types of burns
Thermal, Electrical, Chemical
38
What is a Thermal burn
Contact with fire, hot objects, hot liquids, gases, or nuclear blast or fireball
39
What is a Electrical burn
Contact with electrical wires, current, or lightning
40
What are Chemical burn
Contact with wet or dry chemicals or white phosphorus
41
What are Fractures
Sudden breaking of a bone or a break in a bone
42
What are the 2 Types of Fractures
Covered, closed fractures (skin is not broken) Open fractures (in which the skin is broken.)
43
What are the symptoms of Fractures
Loss of movement, pain with acute tenderness over the site of the fracture, swelling and bruising, deformity or possible shortening, unnatural mobility, or crepitus or grating that is heard when the ends of the bone rub together
44
What is a Spinal Injury
Traumatic injury or damage to the spinal cord constitutes a spinal injury

Exam 3 (10 decks)

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