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Combining Forms Flashcards

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0
Q

ADEN/O

A

Gland

Ex: aden/oma - tumor of glandular cell

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1
Q

ABDOMIN/O

A

Abdomen

Ex: abdomin/al - pertaining to the abdomen

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3
Q

ADENOID/O

A

Adenoid - A lymphoid tissue growth located at the back of the nose in the upper part of the throat that when swollen may obstruct normal breathing and make speech difficult.

Ex: adenoid/ectomy - removal of the adenoid.

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4
Q

AN/O

A

Anus (opening of the digestive tract to the outside of the body).

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5
Q

ADREN/O, ADRENAL/O

A

Adrenal gland

Ex: adren/o/pathy - disease of the adrenal glands.
adrenal/ectomy - removal of an adrenal gland.

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6
Q

APPEND/O, APPENDIC/O

A

Appendix

Ex: append/ectomy - excision of the appendix

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7
Q

ANGI/O

A

Blood vessel

Ex: angi/o/graphy - x-ray recording of blood vessels after contrast is injected.
angi/o/plasty - Surgical repair of a blood vessel

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8
Q

ANTER/O

A

Front

Ex: anter/ior -pertaining to the front of the body or part

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10
Q

ATEL/O

A

Incomplete

Source: OL Resource

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11
Q

AORT/O, AORTA/O

A

Aorta

Largest artery, which leads from the lower left chamber of the heart to arteries all over the body.

Ex: aort/ic stenosis - narrowing of the Aorta

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12
Q

ARTERI/O

A

Artery - carries blood away from heart.

Ex: arteri/o/graphy - Process of recording (x-ray) of arteries after injecting contrast material.

  arteri/o/sclerosis - hardening of the arteries
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13
Q

AXILL/O

A

Armpit (underarm)

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14
Q

ARTERIOL/O

A

Small artery

Ex: arteriole - small artery

   arteriolitis - inflammation of small arties
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15
Q

ARTHR/O

A

Joint

Ex: arthr/itis - inflammation of a joint

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16
Q

ATHER/O

A

Fatty plaque. (a yellow, fatty material)

Ex: ather/o/sclerosis - hardening of the arteries due to a cholesterol-like plaque deposit

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17
Q

BLEPHAR/O

A

Eyelid

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18
Q

AUR/O

A

Ear

Ex: aur/al - pertaining to the ear.

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19
Q

BI/O

A

Life (living)

Ex: bi/ology - study of life

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20
Q

BALAN/O

A

Penis

Ex: balan/itis - inflammation of the penis

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21
Q

CARP/O

A

Carpals (wrist bones)

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22
Q

BRONCH/O, BRONCHI/O

A

Bronchial tubes

Ex: bronch/o/scopy - visual examination of the bronchial tubes with an endoscope

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23
Q

CHOLEDOCH/O

A

Common bile duct

Ex: choledoch/o/tomy -incision of common bile duct
choledoch/o/duoden/o/stomy - new surgical attachment to the duodenum; an anastomosis.

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24
Q

BRACHI/O

A

Arm

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27
Q

CHEM/O

A

Drug; also chemical

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28
CHOLECYST/O
Gallbladder
29
CERBER/O
Cerebrum, largest part of brain Ex: cerebr/al - pertaining to the cerebrum
30
CEPHAL/O
Head Ex: cephal/ic - pertaining to the head
31
CARCIN/O
Cancer, cancerous Ex: carcin/oma - cancerous tumor
32
CARDI/O
Heart - {use with -ac, -graphy, -logy, -logist, -megaly, -pathy} Ex: electr/o/cardi/o/gram - record of electricity in the heart
35
CERVIC/O
Neck of the body Neck (cervix) of the uterus Ex: cervic/al - pertaining to neck of body Or pertaining to the uterine cervix
37
CHOL/E
Bile, gall Ex:
38
COMI/O
Care for
39
CHONDR/O
Cartilage Ex: hyp/o/chondr/iac - pertaining to lateral regions of upper abdomen beneath the lower ribs
41
COST/O
Ribs
42
CHRON/O
Time
43
COLP/O
Vagina Ex: colp/o/scopy - visual examination of the vagina and the cervix.
44
CIS/O
To cut
45
COCCYG/O
Coccyx, tailbone Ex: coccyg/eal - pertaining to the coccyx (tailbone)
46
CORON/O
Heart {use with -ary} Ex: coron/ary - pertaining to the heart coron/ary arteries - blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood from the aorta to heart muscle.
47
CONI/O
Dust Source: OL Body: Repository System
48
CUTANE/O
Skin: {use with -ous} Ex: sub/cutane/ous - lower layer of skin composed of fatty tissue.
49
CRY/O
Cold
50
CRANI/O
Skull Ex: crani/o/tomy - incision of the skull
51
CRIN/O
To secrete (to form and give off) Ex: endo/crine glands - glands that secret hormones within the body
52
CRYPT/O
Hidden
53
CYST/O
Urinary bladder; also a sac of fluid or a cyst Ex: cyst/o/scope - instrument to visually examine the urinary bladder
54
ERYTHR/O
Red Ex: erythr/o/cyte - red blood cells
55
CYT/O
Cell Ex: cyt/ology - study of a cell
56
DUODEN/O
Duodenum - the first portion of the small intestine, from the stomach to the jejunum. Ex: duoden/al - pertaining to the duodenum
57
DUCT/O
Limb Ex: ad/duct/or - muscle carries a limb toward the center or median line of the body.
58
ESOPHAG/O
Esophagus (tube from the throat to the stomach) Ex: esophag/eal - pertaining to the esophagus
59
DUR/O
Dura mater (outermost meningeal membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord)
60
ELECTR/O
Electricity Ex: electr/o/cardi/o/gram - record of electricity in the heart
61
ESTHESI/O
Sensation Ex: an/esthesi/o/logy - such of how to administer agents to bring about a loss of sensation.
62
EM/O
Blood (embedded in suffix) Ex: an/emia - no blood or decreased ability to carry oxygen
63
GER/O
Old age Ex: ger/iatr/ics - pertaining to treatment of people with old age.
64
ENCEPHAL/O
Brain Ex: electr/o/encephal/o/gram - to record electrical activity of the brain
65
ENTER/O
Intestines (usually small) Ex: gastroenterology - study of the stomach and intestines
67
EPITHELI/O
Skin, surface tissue Ex: epitheli/al - cells on the outer layer (surface) of the skin - the lining on the internal organs
69
GEN/O
To produce, to begin
70
HYPOPHYS/O
Pituitary gland Ex: hypophys/o/eal - pertaining to the pituitary gland
71
FIBR/O
Fibrous Tissue
72
GASTR/O
Stomach Ex: gastr/o/enter/o/logy - study of the stomach and intestines
73
GLI/O
Glue, neurological tissue (supportive tissue of central nervous system - CNS) Ex: gli/o/blast/oma - malignant brain tumor Source: OL Body: Nervous System
74
HYSTER/O
Uterus Ex: hyster/ectomy - excision of the uterus
75
GLYC/O
Sugar Ex: hyper/glyc/emia - excessive sugar in blood stream.
76
GLOSS/O
Tongue
77
GYNEC/O
Woman, female Ex: gynec/o/logy - study of female disorders
78
GNOS/O
Knowledge Ex: dia/gnos/is - complete state of patient
80
HEM/O | HEMAT/O
Blood Ex: hemat/o/logy - the study of blood
81
HIST/O
Tissue
82
HEPAT/O
Liver Ex: hepat/itis - inflammation of the liver
84
HYDR/O
Water Ex: hydr/o/nephr/osis - abnormal condition of fluid or water in the kidney.
86
LIGAMENT/O
Ligament Ex: ligament/ous - pertaining to a ligament.
87
IATR/O
Treatment, physician Ex: iatro/genic - pertaining to a patient's abnormal condition that results unexpectedly from a treatment. ped/iatr/ics - doctor who diagnoses and treats children's disorders.
88
IMMUN/O
Protection Source: on-line medical mix arcade
89
LYMPHANGI/O
Lymph vessel Ex: lymphangi/ectasis - dilation of small lymph vessels
90
ILE/O
Ileum (The third and terminal portion of the small intestine, extending from the jejunum to the cecum).
91
ISCH/O
To hold back
92
INGUIN/O
Groin (area in which the thigh meets the trunk of the body)
93
LARYNG/O
Larynx (voice box) Ex: laryng/eal - pertaining to the larynx Laryng/ectomy - removal of the larynx
94
LAPAR/O
Abdomen Ex: lapar/o/tomy - cutting into the abdominal cavity
96
LATER/O
Side Ex: later/al - pertaining to the side
97
LYMPHADEN/O
Lymph node ("gland") Ex: lymphaden/o/ectomy - removal of lymph nodes.
98
LEIOMY/O
Visceral or "smooth" muscle ``` LEIO- = smooth My = muscle ```
99
LEUK/O
White Ex: leuk/o/cyte - white blood cells
102
LUMB/O
Loin (waist) Ex: lumb/ar - pertaining to the loin (waist)
103
LIP/O
Fat
104
LOG/O
Study of Ex: ophthalm/log/ist - person who specializes in the study of the eye.
106
MORPH/O
Shape or form Ex: morph/o/logy - study of the shape or form of cells Source: on-line student resources
107
LYMPH/O
Lymph (clear fluid in tissue spaces and lymph vessels) Ex: lymph/o/cyte - white blood cells found within lymph nodes and fights disease. T cells and B cells are types. B cells produce proteins called antibodies.
108
MAMM/O
Breast | (use with -ARY, -GRAPHY, -GRAM, and -PLASTY)
109
MEDULL/O
Medulla oblongata Ex: medull/ary - pertaining to the inner or soft part of an organ.
110
MAST/O
Breast (use with -ECTOMY and -ITIS) Ex: mast/ectomy - excision of the breast
111
MEDIASTIN/O
Mediastinum (space between the lungs) - the heart is located here. Ex: mediastin/al - pertaining to space between the lungs. [media = middle; stin = partition or wall]
112
MYOS/O
Muscle - {use with -itis} Ex: myos/itis - inflammation of muscle.
113
MELAN/O
Black
114
MENING/O
Meninges (membranes around the brain and spinal cord) | meh-NIN-jeez
116
MORT/O
Death Also: NECR/O Source: on-line medical mix arcade
117
MY/O
Muscle - {use with -algia, -ectomy, -oma, -gram, -neural} Ex: my/o/sarc/oma - disease of heart muscle.
118
ODONT/O
Tooth Ex: orth/odont/ist - dentist specializing in straightening teeth
119
MUSCUL/O
Muscle - connective tissue that contracts to make movement possible. { use with -ar, -skeletal} Ex: Muscul/ar - pertaining to muscles Muscul/o/skeletal - pertaining to the muscle and skeletal systems.
122
MYEL/O
Spinal cord (nervous tissue connected to the brain, located within the spinal column). ``` Bone marrow (soft, inner part of bones, where blood cells are made) Ex: myel/o/dys/plasia - abnormal development of bone marrow. ```
123
OR/O
Mouth Ex: or/al - pertaining to the mouth
124
OVARI/O
Ovary - {use with -an} Ex: ovari/an cyst - sac containing fluid or semisolid material in or on the ovary.
125
NEUR/O
Nerve Ex: neur/o/logy - study of the nerves
126
NOS/O
Disease Ex: nos/o/comi/al - pertaining to or originating in the hospital.
127
NAT/I
Birth
128
NEPHR/O
Kidney (Greek root: abnormal conditions & procedures) Use with all suffixes except -AL and -GRAM which use REN/O) Ex: nephr/ectomy - cutting out a kidney
130
PED/O
Child. Comes from Greek word, paidos. Foot. Comes from Latin Ex: ped/iatr/ics - branch of medicine specializing in the treatment of children.
131
OBSTETR/O
Midwife Ex: obstetr/ic - pertaining to pregnancy, labor, and delivery of a baby.
132
NORM/O
Rule, order
135
ORCHID/O
Testis Ex: orchid/ectomy - Removal of a testicle.{use with -itis, -ectomy, -pexy, -plasty, -tomy}
136
OPT/O
Eye: {use with -ic, -metrist} Ex: opt/o/metr/ist - non-medical specialist trained to examine, test eyes, and provide corrective lenses. Cannot treat eye diseases.
137
OCUL/O
Eye: {use with -ar, -facial, -motor} Ex: ocul/ar - pertaining to the eye.
138
ONC/O
Tumor Ex: onc/o/logist - specialist in study of tumors
139
OPTIC/O
Eye Ex: optic/ian - non-medical specialist to provide eye glasses by filing a prescription.
140
ORCHI/O
Testis Ex: orchi/o/pexy - surgical fixation of the testicles into its proper location.
141
OOPHOR/O
Ovary - {use with -itis, -ectomy, -pexy, -plasty, -tomy} Ex: oophor/ectomy - excision of an ovary
142
ORTH/O
Straight Ex: orth/o/ped/ist - specialist in the surgical correction of musculoskeletal disorders.
143
OPHTHALM/O
Eye: {use with -ia, -ic, -logist, -logy, -pathy, -plasty, -plegia, -scope, -scopy} Ex: ophthalm/o/scope - instrument to examine the eye
144
ORCH/O
Testis Ex: orch/itis - inflammation of a testicle.
145
PITUITAR/O
Pituitary gland Ex: hypo/pituitary/ism - decrease or stoppage of hormonal secretion by the pituitary gland.
146
PULMON/O
Lung: {use with -ary} Ex: pulmon/ary - pertaining to the lung.
147
CHOLANGI/O
Bile ducts Ex: cholangi/o/graphy - x-ray examination of the bile ducts using a radiopaque contrast medium.
148
METR/O
Uterus - {use form with -itis, -rrhagia) Ex: metr/itis - inflammation of the uterus.
149
PARATHYROID/O
Parathyroid gland Ex: hyper/parathyroid/ism - Higher-than-normal level of parathyroid hormone in the blood.
150
ACR/O
Extremities Ex: acr/o/megaly - enlargement of the extremities as a result of thickening of bones and soft tissues. Caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone.
151
PELV/O
Hip bone; Pelvis (bones of the hip) Ex: pelv/ic - pertaining to bones of the hip
152
OSTE/O
Bone Ex: oste/o/arthr/itis - inflammation of bone joints
153
OT/O
Ear Ex: ot/itis - inflammation of the ear.
155
RHABDOMY/O
Skeletal Muscle
156
PELV/O or PELV/I
Hip bone area; pelvis
157
PLAS/O
Formation, growth, development
158
PATH/O
Disease Ex: path/o/logist - specialist who examines dead bodies to determine the cause of death
159
PNEUMON/O
Lung: {use with -ectomy, -ia, -ic, -itis, -pathy} Ex: pneumon/ectomy - removal of a lung.
160
PHLEB/O
Vein Ex: phleb/o/tomy - incision of a vein for the removal of blood or the insertion of an intravenous catheter.
161
RECT/O
Rectum Ex: rect/o/cele - hernia or protrusion into the vagina from the rectum
162
POSTER/O
Back, behind Ex: poster/ior - pertaining to the back portion of a structure or body part.
163
PERITONE/O
Peritone/um (membrane surrounding the abdominal organs) Ex: peritone/al - pertaining to membrane surrounding abdominal organs. Peritoneal fluid lubricates the surfaces of the peritoneum to prevent friction.
166
PLEUR/O
Pleura - double membrane surrounding the lungs Ex: pleur/itis -inflammation of the membrane surrounding the lungs
167
PROCT/O
Anus and rectum Ex: proct/o/scopy - Visual examination of the anus and rectum.
168
PNEUM/O
Lung: {use with -coccus, -coniosis, -thorax} Ex: pneum/o/coccus - bacterium causing pneumonia and other associated diseases.
169
PROSTAT/O
Prostate gland Ex: prostat/ectomy - removal of the prostate
170
JEJUN/O
Jejunum - The section of the small intestine between the duodenum and the ileum.
171
SIGMOID/O
Sigmoid colon - The S-shaped section of the colon between the pelvic brim and the third sacral segment, continuous with the rectum. Ex: sigmoid/o/scopy - visual examination of the sigmoid colon.
172
URETHR/O
Urethra - tube leading from the bladder to outside the body. Ex: urethr/itis - inflammation of the urethra.
173
SON/O
Sound
174
VARIC/O
Swollen Veins Ex: varic/o/cele - swollen, twisted veins within the spermatic cord, above the testes producing a swelling in the scrotum.
175
SACR/O
Sacrum (five fused bones in the lower back) Ex: sacr/al - pertaining to 5 fused bones (sacrum) in lower back.
176
RRHYTHM/O
Rhythm Ex: a/rrhythm/ia - abnormal heart rhythm
177
RADI/O
X-rays Ex: radi/o/therapy - treatment of disease (cancer) with high energy x-rays or particles (photons or protons).
178
POD/O
Foot
179
SPONDYL/O
Vertebra Ex: spondyl/osis - abnormal condition of the vertebra
180
METRI/O
Uterus - {use form with -al, -um} Ex: endo/metri/um - Inner lining of the uterus.
181
PSYCH/O
Mind Ex: psych/osis - abnormal condition of the mind
182
VAGIN/O
Vagina Ex: vagin/itis - inflammation of the vagina
183
PYEL/O
Renal pelvis (central section of the kidney where urine collects). Ex: pyel/o/gram - record of the renal pelvis
184
SCAPUL/O
Scapula (shoulder blade)
185
SEPTIC/O
Pertaining to infection
186
O/O
Egg Ex: o/o/cyte - egg cell (ovum)
187
REN/O
Kidney: {use with -al, -gram} Ex: ren/al - pertaining to the kidney
188
THYROADEN/O
Thyroid gland Ex: thyroaden/itis - inflammation of the thyroid gland.
189
SARC/O
Flesh Ex: sarc/oma - cancerous tumor of the flesh
190
RHEUMAT/O
Flow or watery discharge Ex: rheumat/o/logy - study of joint diseases
191
SPLEN/O
Spleen - Lymphatic System; organ in left upper quadrant (LUQ) of the abdomen. Stores blood cells and destroys dying red blood cells while producing white blood cells called Lymphocytes. Ex: splen/ectomy - removal of the spleen
192
TONSILL/O
Tonsil Ex: tonsil/it is - inflammation of tonsils
193
RHIN/O
Nose: {use with -itis, -rrhea, -plasty} Ex: rhin/itis - inflammation of the nose
194
STOMAT/O
Mouth Ex: stomat/itis - inflammation of the mouth
195
SCROT/O
Scrotum Ex: scrot/al - pertaining to the scrotum.
196
SALPING/O
Fallopian (uterine) tube Ex: salping/ectomy - excision of a fallopian tube
197
URETER/O
Ureter - tube leading from kidneys to bladder. Ex: ureter/ectomy - removal of a ureter
198
VAS/O
Vas deferens Ex: vas/ectomy - removal of the vas deferens or a portion so that sperm cells are prevented from becoming part of semen.
199
CEREBELL/O
Cerebellum Ex: cerebell/ar - pertaining to the cerebellum.
200
ALVEOL/O
Alveoli - air sacs within the lungs Ex: alveol/ar - pertaining to the alveoli
201
BRONCHIOL/O
Bronchiole - small bronchial tubes Ex: bronchiol/itis - inflammation of the bronchiole
202
THYM/O
Thymus gland - Lymphatic System; endocrine gland in middle of chest produces hormone thymosin. Stimulates production of Lymphocytes.
203
SPIN/O
Spine (backbone) Ex: spin/al - pertaining to the spine or backbone
204
TRACHE/O
Trachea or windpipe Ex: trache/o/stomy - opening of the windpipe to the outside of the body
205
THYROID/O
Thyroid gland which secrets thyroxine to help burn food and release energy
206
CYAN/O
Blue Ex: cyan/osis - bluish discoloration of the skin due to deficient oxygen in the bloodstream.
207
EPIGLOTT/O
Epiglottis - flap of cartilage that closes the trachea when swallowing occurs. Ex: epiglott/itis - inflammation of the epiglottis.
208
NAS/O
Nose: {use with -al} Ex: nas/al - pertaining to the nose
209
PHREN/O
Diaphragm Ex: phren/ic - pertaining to the diaphragm
210
TEN/O
Tendon Ex: ten/o/rrhaphy - surgical suture of a tendon.
211
THROMB/O
Clotting Ex: thromb/o/cyte - cell involved with clotting
212
TENDIN/O
Tendon Ex: tendin/itis - inflammation of a tendon
213
PHARYNG/O
Pharynx - throat Ex: pharyng/itis - inflammation of the pharynx
214
VERTEBR/O
Vertebra (backbone) Ex: inter/vertebr/al - pertaining to lying between two backbones.
215
DERMAT/O
Skin: {use with -itis, -logy, -osis} Ex: dermat/itis - inflammation of the skin
216
MYRING/O
Eardrum Ex: myring/o/tomy - incision of the eardrum
217
TYMPAN/O
Eardrum Ex: tympan/o/plasty - surgical repair of the ear drum and the bones of the middle ear.
219
ONYCH/O
Nail: {use with -lys} Ex: onych/o/lysis - separation of the nail from its base
220
TOP/O
To put, place, position, location Ex: ec/top/ic - pertaining to a place outside.
221
PAK/O
Lens of the eye Ex: a/pak/ia - absence of the lens of the eye.
222
PIL/O
Hair Ex: pil/o/seb/aceous - pertaining to hair and its sebaceous gland.
223
UR/O
Urine or urea (a waste material); urinary tract
224
RETIN/O
Retina Ex: retin/o/pathy - diseases of the retina.
225
TRICH/O
Hair Ex: trich/o/pagia - habit of eating hair
226
UTER/O
Uterus - {use form with -ine} Ex: uter/ine - pertaining to the uterus.
227
VESIC/O
Urinary bladder Ex: intra/vesic/al - pertaining to within the urinary bladder.
228
UNGU/O
Nail: {use with -al} Ex: sub/ungu/al hemat/oma - collection of blood under nail
229
VENUL/O
Venule {small veins} Ex: Venul/itis - inflammation of small veins
230
VASCUL/O
Vessel (arteries and veins) Ex: vascul/ar - pertaining to blood vessels
240
VEN/O
Vein - carries blood back to the heart from tissues of the body
241
LITH/O
Stone

Medical Terminology (8 decks)

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