Comfort

Question 1

PCA can only be given if pt can _________.

Answer 1

Self administer

Question 2

What is the name of the theory that suggests that the spinal cord contains a neurological “gate” that controls pain signals to the brain?

Answer 2

Gate Theory

Question 3

Describe gate theory.

Answer 3

Spinal cord contains neurological “gate” that controls pain signals to the brain.

Question 4

What medications make up the 1st line of analgesics?

Answer 4

NSAIDS: Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Naproxen

Non Opioid Acetaminophen: Tylenol

Question 5

NSAIDS and Non Opioid Acetaminophen are ____ line of defense medications.

Answer 5

1st

Question 6

What medications are used for mild to moderate pain?

Answer 6

Non opioid analgesics: Acetaminophen and NSAIDS

Question 7

What medications make up the 2nd line of opioids?

Answer 7

Fentanyl, morphine, and hydrocodone.

Question 8

What medications are used for severe pain?

Answer 8

Opioid analgesics such as morphine, fentanyl, oxycodone, and hydrocodone.

Question 9

NSAIDS posses a risk for what?

Answer 9

GI Bleeding risk.

Question 10

Opioid used increases the risk for what?

Answer 10

Constipation.

Question 11

What is the antidote for opiate overdose?

Answer 11

Narcan/Naloxone

Question 12

What are the two types of nociceptive pain?

Answer 12

Visceral and Somatic.

Question 13

Describe visceral pain?

Answer 13

Pain that stems from organs and is poorly localized.

Question 14

What is the name for the type of pain that is poorly localized and stems from organs?

Answer 14

Visceral pain.

Question 15

Describe somatic pain?

Answer 15

Pain that stems from bone or tissue and is localized to one area.

Question 16

What is the name for the type of pain that is localized to one area, and stems from bone or skin injury?

Answer 16

Somatic Pain.

Question 17

What are examples of somatic pain?

Answer 17

Arthritic pain, joint pain, laceration, bone fracture.

Question 18

How does somatic pain feel?

Answer 18

Well localized, dull, aching, throbbing, sharp pain.

Question 19

How does visceral pain feel?

Answer 19

Poorly localized, dull, aching, vague pain that is distant from source of pain.

Question 20

What are examples of visceral pain?

Answer 20

Back pain resulting from kidney damage.

Question 21

What is nociceptive pain?

Answer 21

The pain you feel after an injury.

Question 22

What is neuropathic pain?

Answer 22

Pain that results from damage to the nervous system.

Question 23

Difference between how children experience pain vs older adults?

Answer 23

Children lack the neurological development to sense pain and can experience frustration when trying to express it.

Question 24

Define acute pain?

Answer 24

Short lived pain, results from tissue damage or disease, varies in intensity.

Question 25

Define chronic pain?

Answer 25

Pain that lasts >3 months, periods or remission and exacerbation, difficult to describe, poorly localized.

Question 26

How does pain affect the endocrine system?

Answer 26

Pain increases endocrine activity that results in increased metabolism leading to weight loss.

Question 27

What is the name of care that considers the person as a whole person (body, mind, spirit)?

Answer 27

Hollistic care

Question 28

What are common pharmacologic strategies available for pain relief?

Answer 28

Non-opioid analgesics, NSAIDS, IV meds, antidepressants, topical analgesics, PCA, local anesthesia.

Question 29

When should a nurse re-evaluate the patient’s pain after giving medication?

Answer 29

30min-1hr

Question 30

Hepatic toxicity, CV risk, GI risk are all adverse effects of _____ medications.

Answer 30

oral pain medications

Question 31

What is PCA?

Answer 31

Patient Controlled Analgesia Method of drug delivery that allows the patient to self-administer opioids.

Question 32

What are the most common medications used for patient controlled analgesia?

Answer 32

morphine, and hydromorphone

Question 33

Side effect of PCA that is of most concern?

Answer 33

Constipation

Question 34

Opioid analgesics are typically classified as _____ or _______.

Answer 34

Agonist and antagonists.

Question 35

Agonist medications act on the ______ at the receptor site.

Answer 35

neurotransmitter

Question 36

Examples of agonist medications?

Answer 36

Morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, oxycodone and hydrocodone.

Question 37

Significant drop in HR, BP and low tissue perfusion with cold sweaty hands, weak pulse, thirst, dizziness and decreased urine output is a sign of what?

Answer 37

Shock.

Question 38

What is the adverse effect of opioid use?

Answer 38

Respiratory depression.

Question 39

What is the plan of care for a patient with neuropathic pain?

Answer 39

Anti-depressants, pain relieving numbing meds, Injections, opioids, physical therapy, counseling, relaxation/massage therapy, acupuncture, and or devices that affect nerve signals.

Question 40

What is mixed pain?

Answer 40

Both neuropathic and nociceptive pain.

Question 41

What are symptoms of mixed pain?

Answer 41

Poorly defined pain, fibromyalgia pain, pain with HIV.

Question 42

What medications are used for mixed pain?

Answer 42

antidepressants and anticonvulsants

Question 43

What does the FLACC scale stand for?

Answer 43

Pain assessment in children, (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability).

Question 44

Degenerative disk disease is an example of _______ pain.

Answer 44

Neuropathic pain.