Coming of europeans

Question 1

Europeans

Answer 1

1.IBERIANS-SPAIN & PORTUGAL
2.INTERLOPERS-BRITAIN, FRANCE & NETHERLANDS

Question 2

Basis of Spanish exploration- Theories

Answer 2

THEORIES-:
BULLIONISM
MERCANTILISM
COLONIALISM
RELIGION
TECHNOLOGY

Question 3

Technology

Answer 3

The Europeans were able to explore the new world because of their 15th century exploration over the land of Asia which opened scientific discoveries to them. The discoveries included:
-the compass
-gunpowder
-the astrolabe
-improved ships
-revolutionized maps

Question 4

Portugal in the new world

Answer 4

News of Columbus discovery in 1492 bothered the Portuguese who were trying to reach India by sailing around the Africa coast.
The Portuguese saw Columbus as trying to break the treaty of Alcacovas of 1478,where they had the sole rights to colonize the islands off of the African coast.
Due to continued dispute the pope negotiated the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 .
This gave Spain the right to colonize 1100 miles west of Cape Verde islands

Question 4

The treaty of tordesillas

Answer 4

The treaty (PAPAL BULL) gave Portugal rights to all lands east of the line which were territories west of Cape Verde islands including Brazil
Portugal claimed Brazil in 1500 but did not give the country any real interest until 1530.
The Portuguese exploited Brazil mainly for brazil wood, then sugarcane, coffee beans and gold mining.
Brazil remained a colony of Portugal from the 16th century to the 19th century

Question 5

Cockpit

Answer 5

Historians have referred to the Caribbean during this early era as the cockpit of Europe

Question 5

Interlopers/ Forms of attack

Answer 5

In 1555 to 1640 began to attack Spanish settlement and trading posts. Attack came in the forms of-:
Piracy/Pirates
buccaneering
privateers
contraband trade.

Question 6

The British

Answer 6

Settlement began in 1624 in the Lesser Antilles when the Spanish and the Dutch were waging war over Brazil. They wanted to settle down, farm and make a living by trading produce so they began to cultivate sugar on plantations
Settlement began on Barbados and St. Christopher( St. Kitts) and proceeded to the islands of Nevis, Montserrat and eventually Jamaica.

Question 7

French

Answer 7

Settlement began in 1624 in the Lesser Antilles when the Spanish and the Dutch were waging war over Brazil. They wanted to settle down, farm and make a living by trading produce so they began to cultivate sugar on plantations
Settlement began on Barbados and St. Christopher( St. Kitts) and proceeded to the islands of Nevis, Montserrat and eventually Jamaica.

Question 8

Dutch

Answer 8

The Dutch who were traders and financers of excellence were more committed to attacking Spanish convoys and trading in Spanish ports than settlement.
Main aim was to take control of the salt mines in the south of the Caribbean.
Made first settlements in the Guiana (1616 in Essequibo and 1624 in Berbice) a region where the rest of the Europeans had failed.
Settlements were also established to produce agricultural colonies. Establishment of these colonies took place between 1630 to 1640 on Saba, Curacao, St. Martin and St. Eustatius

Question 9

Establishing colonies

Answer 9

The Spanish sought to set up colonies that were engaged in gold extraction.
However, lack of sufficient quantities of gold led to the development of settlements that focused on-:
agricultural crops
cattle ranching

Question 10

Settlement colonies

Answer 10

HISPANIOLA-1502
JAMAICA-1509
PUERTO RICO-1509
CUBA-1511
MEXICO-1518
PERU-1518

Question 11

Relationship with Indians

Answer 11

ENCOMIENDA-1499
-Nicolas De Ovando (1503)
-Royal Ordinance (1512)
REPARTIMIENTO

Question 12

Decimation of the Indians

Answer 12

There were a number of factors which resulted in the indigenous societies populations diminishing drastically.