Coming of the Europeans pt.1

Question 1

What were the reasons for Columbus’ voyages?

Answer 1

to recover spices and to convert Asian people to Christianity

Question 2

Reasons for European interest in the New World?

Answer 2

Desire to find a route to China, India and the East Indies

Increasingly difficult land routes

Desire to spread Christianity

Developments in navigation

Improvements in ship building

The Renaissance

Mercantilism

Glory

Breakdown in the system of vassalage

The emergence of a new class of merchants and traders

Question 3

Where and when was Columbus born?

Answer 3

Genoa, Italy in 1451

Question 4

In what year did Columbus die?

Answer 4

1506

Question 5

Columbus was the eldest of ______ children by his parents _______ & ________________

Answer 5

five

Domenico Colombo and Susanna Fontanarossa

Question 6

Columbus survived a French attack in 1476 and stayed with his brother ____________ in ___________

Answer 6

Bartholomew, Lisbon

Question 7

in what year did Columbus convince Kind Ferdinand and Queen Isabelle

Answer 7

1492

Question 8

How many voyages did Columbus make to the New World?

Answer 8

4`

Question 9

Name the three ships that were given to Columbus

Answer 9

The Nina, The Pinta, The Santa Maria

Question 10

When was Columbus’s first voyage and where did he go?

Answer 10

1492-93
San Salvador, northeast coast of Cuba, the northern coast of Hispaniola and other parts of the Bahamas

Question 11

When was Columbus’s second voyage and where did he go?

Answer 11

1493-96
Dominica, Guadeloupe, Montserrat, St. Kitts, Redonda, The Virgin Islands, St. Croix, Antigua, Nevis, St. Martin, Tortola, Greater Antilles, Jamaica and Puerto Rico

Question 12

When was Columbus’s third voyage and where did he go?

Answer 12

1498-1500
Trinidad, Tobago, Grenada, La Isla de Margarita

Question 13

When was Columbus’s fourth voyage and where did he go?

Answer 13

1502-04
Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama

Question 14

Name of Comlubus’s eldest son?

Answer 14

Diego

Question 15

What was the original Amerindian name for the island Dominica and what does it mean?

Answer 15

Wai’tukubuli Tall is her body

Question 16

What was the original Amerindian name for the island Guadeloupe and what does it mean?

Answer 16

Karukera - Beautiful water

Question 17

What was the original Amerindian name for the island Jamaica and what does it mean?

Answer 17

Hamaica - Land of wood and water

Question 18

What was the original Amerindian name for the island Trinidad and what does it mean?

Answer 18

Iere - Land of the Humming Bird

Question 19

Who is a conquistador?

Answer 19

a spanish soldier

Question 20

Impact of the New World on Europe?

Answer 20

the discovery of vast landmass supposedly filled with riches for the taking caused great interest in Europe. Every European saw the New World as a place where they could make their fortunes. They thought that the acquisition of gold and silver would mean wealth and power for themselves and their nations.

Question 21

In the time of Columbus, which were the teo most seafaring nations?

Answer 21

Portugal and Spain

Question 22

The Nina, Pinta and Santa maria left the harbour of_______?

Answer 22

Palos de la Frontera

Question 23

What are Papal Bulls

Answer 23

decrees issued by the Roman Catholic Pope on property matters

Question 24

What was the main reason as to why Spain and Portugal were in disputes?

Answer 24

Because different Popes or sometimes the same Pope of the Roman Catholic church favored Portugal at one time then Spain the next

Question 25

Pope Nicholas V, in the mid 15th century issued a Papal Bull known as ________________________ which praised the King of Portugal and authorized him to convert all the pagans between Morocco and India.

Answer 25

Charter of Portuguese Imperialism

Question 26

Which spaniard was installed as a Pope taking the position from Nicholas V and giving Spain ownership of new land discovered by Spanish explorers

Answer 26

Pope Alexander VI

Question 27

How did papal bulls affect Spain and Portugal

Answer 27

They gave Portugal a trading monopoly in all territories between Africa and the Indies

They awarded Spain possession of all lands discovered by Spanish explorers

Question 28

What is the Treat of Tordesillas?

Answer 28

it was an agreement intended to resolve a dispute between Portugal and Spain caused by The Papal Bulls. The Treaty defined which parts of the world each could conquer

Question 29

Who is a privateer?

Answer 29

a private individual who owned and officered an armed ship commissioned by the government and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of enemy merchant shipping vessels.

Question 30

The war between Spain and France ended with ____________ in 1559

Answer 30

Treaty of Cateau Cambresis

Question 31

Why was Francis Drake one of the most successful English pirates?

Answer 31

In 1572, Drake raided a land convoy of mules loaded with Peruvian silver and every sailor went home a rich man.

Between 1585 and 1586 Drake stole more than 300000 pounds in booty from Spanish ships and towns.

His last trip between 1595 and 1596 failed. With a fleet of 27 ships he tried to attack San Juan, Puerto Rico and was forced to retreat losing 12 of his ships. he eventually died from dysentery and his fleet returned to England with no profits.

Question 32

Another name for british pirates

Answer 32

buccaneers

Question 33

Why was Henry Morgan a famous pirate?

Answer 33

He became commander of buccaneers in 1668.

Morgan captured the town Puerto Principe in Cuba and sacked the city of Portobelo on the isthmus of Panama.

In his last raid of August 1670, with 36 ships and nearly 2,000 buccaneers he set out to capture Panama, defeating a large Spanish force in 1671. The city burned to the ground while his men looted it and on the return journey Morgan deserted his men and disappeared with most of the booty.

Question 34

How did Henry Morgan become a rich planter in Jamaica?

Answer 34

The peace between England and Spain did not last and in 1674 King Charles II knighted Morgan and appointed him as the Deputy Governor of Jamaica. He used England’s conflicts to enrich himself then lived out his days as a rich planter in Jamaica

Question 35

When was Henry Morgan arrested and transported to London?

Answer 35

April 1672

Question 36

In a nine year period, the British colonized four countries of the Lesser Antilles.

Answer 36

St. Kitts - 1623
Barbados - 1625
Nevis - 1628
Antigua - 1632

Question 37

In what year was the haitian revolution?

Answer 37

1791

Question 38

What was the most significant impact on Europe from the New World?

Answer 38

crops

Question 39

Explain how the Europeans spread diseases to the Amerindians

Answer 39

The Europeans brought with them microbes to which they were immune but which were deadly to the Amerindians. Over two centuries, after Columbus’s arrival, deadly diseases wiped out the majority of the Indigenous population.

The microbes affected the Amerindians but not the Europeans for many reasons, one was time. The Europeans had a long history of animal farming which allowed them to develop resistance to diseases. For example, people who had had cowpox became immune to smallpox. Some diseases which evolved from the microbes in animals are flu, typhus, tuberculosis, malaria, plague, measles, influenza, smallpox and cholera.

The invading Europeans were not killed on a similarly large scale by new World diseases because the New World inhabitants over the succeeding generations probably lost the immunities that they may have had when they first entered the continent thousands of years before.

Also, they had wiped all the species which might have been domesticated so no new diseases evolved there from contact between animals and humans. If it weren’t for this, the conquistadores could not have so easily conquered these civilisations.

Question 40

From the 19th century, which nation had military and economic interests in the Caribbean?

Answer 40

The USA

Question 41

Apart from Spain, the countries most active in the Caribbean region were?

Answer 41

Britain, France and the Netherlands

Question 42

Two things that cause the decline of the Indigenous population?

Answer 42

diseases and the heavy labor they endured when they were enslaved

Question 43

Impacts of the Europeans on the Indigenous peoples?

Answer 43

Genocide- Indigenous populations were decreased under Spanish rule and only minority groups existed throughout the Caribbean region

Forced labor or new systems of enslavement were introduced such as:
The Repartamiento system - a percentage of the Indigenous male population between the ages of 18 and 60 was recruited to work for a Spaniard for a week for pay. However, they were hardly ever paid.
and The Encomienda system - smaller groups of Indigenous people were allocated to a few privileged Spaniards known as Encomenderos. The encomendero was given a parcel of land with the right to exact tribute from the Indigenous people living on the land. In return he was expected to convert them to Christianity and protect them.

New types of diseases were introduced - Indigenous peoples were not immune to diseases such as smallpox and chickenpox

Families were broken up - Adult males were moved from place to place by the Spaniards. Kalinago males were killed in wars with the Spaniards.

Indigenous agricultural systems were destroyed - The production of crops by Indigenous peoples was affected. The Spanish brought animals which trampled the fields. Often, these animals were placed to graze on the agricultural fields of the Indigenous people.

Infanticide was carried out - Many parents preferred to kill their babies because they did not want them to grow up under such conditions.

Taino women were sexually exploited

The Indigenous peoples lost their land and their sovereignty

There were changes in Indigenous religious practices due to the forced conversion to Christianity.

There was a breakdown of Amerindian culture as the Tainos and Kalinagos had to conform to European way of life.

Question 44

How did the encomienda system come about?

Answer 44

When Columbus was faced with threats from his own men, he gave them land grants which included the forced labor of the Amerindians.

Question 44

Name some plants and food that the Europeans brought to the Caribbean

Answer 44

coconut trees, oranges, mangoes, bananas and sugarcane

Question 45

On his second voyage Columbus first went to Hispaniola. What was his main aim there?

Answer 45

to use native labor to search for precious metals and to establish plantations because he described the soil as being fertile

Question 46

For the first ten years of colonisation ____________ was the only colony that the Spanish settled

Answer 46

Hispaniola

Question 47

The Indigenous peoples of Honduras and Nicaragua were fully defeated in ?

Answer 47

the 1540s

Question 48

The Mayas of the Yucatan Peninsula were massacred in?

Answer 48

1546

Question 49

The settler population of Costa Rica was virtually wiped out by ________ in ______

Answer 49

diseases, late 1570s