Command words and Exam technique Flashcards
What phrase should you use to assess what you need to dofor each question to gain full marks? Also what does it stand for?
CTF
Command Topic Focus
Command- What process must I follow to satisfy the command word
Topics-What topics are involved within the question, what do I know about this topics
Focus-Spend a few seconds planning your answer, is specific for the needs of the athlete/person
What command words do you need to follow for the AO1, AO2 and AO3 marks?
AO1=Define/Identify
AO2= Apply to the individual (Explain process, including an example)
AO3= Strength/Weakness —> Specify the outcome to performance
What sentence starters can you use to make it clear where the AO3 answer begins?
The outcome to performance is …….
This a strength or weakness because (USE EXAMPLES!)
This positively effects performance because……
(USE EXAMPLES!)
This negatively effects performance because……
(USE EXAMPLES!)
What are the allocation of marks for a 6 mark and a 9 mark question?
6 mark- AO1=1 AO2=2 AO3=3
9 mark- AO1=2 AO2=2 AO3=5
Add AO3 answers to these AO2 points (Outcome to performance)
Q1: By performing dynamic stretching in the warm up Nell will increase blood flow to the working muscles and lubricate the joints
Q2: Nell should use the correct technique to prevent injury when performing a tackle, specifically by keeping her toes pointing down when performing a slide tackle.
Q3: Nell should avoid overtrainning as this will cause her to become fatigued, which will reduce her energy levels when training and competing.
Q1: The outcomes to Nell’s performance will be that she will increase the elasticity of her muscles and the range of movement, allowing her to stretch further when performing a slide tackle. This will improve her performance as she will improve her tackle success rate.
Q2: The outcome to Nell’s performance will be that she will be less likely to injure herself and her opponent’s. This will improve her performance as she will not give away needless freekicks, which will reduce the likelihood of conceding from setpeices.
Q3: The outcome to Nell’s performance will be that she will not be able to perform explosve movements efficently. **This will negatively effect performance as she will not be able to jump as high as usual when defending a corner, increasing the likelihood of the oppostion scoring. **
model answer
Blood doping is a prohibited method that can be used to improve the performance of a marathon runner.
Evaluate the effects that different performance enhancing drugs (PEDs) may have on a marathon runner’s performance.
Do not refer to blood doping in your answer.
AO1- Definition or Identification
* Stimulants
* Narcotic analgesics
* Anabolic agents
* Peptide hormones (EPO)
* Diuretics
* Beta blockers
A02-Apply (follow the explain process and use examples)
* Stimulants – make more alert, speed up parts of the brain and the body and deaden pain which could allow a marathon runner to get a fast start to get a good position in the pack or kick for home / have quick reactions to respond to tactical moves by opponents or train for longer.
* Narcotic analgesics – very strong painkillers which will mask pain and allow a marathon runner to train for longer or train when injured.
* Anabolic agents – increase the rate and amount of muscle growth and speed up recovery which will allow a marathon runner to have stronger muscles to generate faster speeds and also train more often.
* Peptide hormones (EPO) – are naturally occurring substances that can improve muscle growth and increase production of red blood cells which could allow a marathon runner to have stronger muscles to generate faster speeds and a greater oxygen-carrying capacity which will enable them to perform for longer at high intensity.
* Diuretics – taken to remove excess water from the body which could help a marathon runner lose weight.
* Beta blockers – reduce the effects of adrenaline on the body, heart rate, muscle tension and blood pressure which could allow the marathon runner to be more relaxed.
AO3- Outcomes (strengths and weaknesses)
* Stimulants – would not be greatly beneficial for a marathon runner as the activity is not explosive. Stimulants make them more alert and reduce their reaction time which is not needed.
* Narcotic analgesics – allow a marathon runner to train when they are injured or recovering from excessive training which could improve endurance, muscle development and speed. However, training when injured could lead to more serious injuries which would have a negative effect on performance.
* Anabolic agents – could develop a marathon runner’s muscle size and body weight. They can also increase aggression and competitiveness. However this would not be beneficial as they are competing over a long period of time so a lighter frame is more beneficial and they need to keep concentration and focus rather than getting hyped up.
* Peptide hormones (EPO) – could improve performance as it mainly increases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood which will help develop cardiovascular endurance. For a marathon runner competing over a prolonged period of time this will be extremely beneficial as the heart will be able to work harder for longer without suffering from fatigue.
* Diuretics – would not help the performance directly of a marathon runner as they need to be fully hydrated to compete over long periods of time. If dehydrated, then performance would be significantly impaired. However, a marathon runner may be looking to lose weight so they have a lighter frame which could lead them to run faster.
* Beta blockers – could help improve the performance of a marathon runner as reducing heart rate and muscle tension could help them run more freely and settle their nerves/tension.
How do you satisfy the requirements for the command word Justify?
**What sentence starter could be used for this command word?
- Provide the definition
- Give an example for each available mark.
- Explain the effect/outcome of the examplein relation to the question.
*Follow this process for each available mark!
…. can be defined as,
An example of how ….. is used is,
The outcome to performance would be
How do you satisfy the requirements for the command words Explain, Outline, Describe and Suggest?
**What sentence starter(s) could be used for this command word?
- Firstly, Identify
- Secondly, specify why/how your answer is important
- Give an example
*For example ….,
This happens because…..,
The benefit is ……
How do you satisfy the requirements for the command word Discuss?
*What sentence starter(s) could be used for this command word?
- Firstly, identify whether the point you’re making is an advantage/positive or a disadvantage/negative
- Secondly, explain the outcome to performance
- Use examples if possible
*An advantage is …………,
For example …….,
The outcome to performance is
How do you satisfy the requirements for the command word Define?
What sentence starter(S) could be used?
- I need to provide a definition as if I researched a term in the dictionary
*….. Can be defined as
How do you satisfy the requirements for the command words Evaluate and Analyse?
- Follow the explain process
- Also, Specify the outcome to performance
Evaluate the importance of plyometric training and interval training to a games player. [6 marks]
AO1 – Knowledge of plyometric training and interval training
* Plyometric training involves hopping, bounding or jumping etc.
* Its aim is to develop power, speed and explosive strength.
* Interval training is a method that incorporates periods of high intensity exercise followed by periods of rest or low intensity exercise.
AO2 – Application to a games player, eg netball
* Application to an appropriate named sport, eg football, hockey, netball.
* Plyometric training can be helpful for netball players because they require power in both the legs and arms.
* Power required in legs to jump for rebounds, attacking rebounds and defensive rebounds. Power may be required in legs to jump for the ball in any of the three thirds.
* Leg power may be used to dodge quickly away from an opponent.
* Power required in arms to throw longer passes, eg shoulder passes.
* Interval training will replicate many of the demands of netball, ie not continuous.
* Short intensity work is important for netballers as it will help them handle sprints to move to the ball or closing down an opposition player.
AO3 – Evaluation of the appropriateness of plyometric training and interval training to a games player, eg netball
* Plyometrics involves jumping which is a vital component of netball – to reach or intercept the ball eg the ball is often in the air, therefore the use of plyometrics to develop leg power may enable players to intercept or catch the ball more consistently.
* In a full game, other components of fitness could be seen as more important than power, ie agility, cardiovascular endurance etc – therefore plyometrics may not be as important for a games player.
* Using leg power to dodge may be particularly important when marked closely, eg at a centre pass, and plyometrics could make the difference between gaining the space to receive the ball or having a pass intercepted.
* Interval training might be more appropriate as it benefits both the anaerobic and aerobic energy systems. Periods of high intensity exercise can help players compete with the game when it is fast paced, eg many sprints during the game to close down opponents, make fast breaks, etc.
* No specific equipment is required for either training method so can easily be incorporated into netball training sessions and can be completed quickly so not time intensive.
* They can be specifically designed or altered for a netball training session – jumping to reach a ball, sprint dodge, quick catch and pass etc.
Credit other relevant evaluative points about the appropriateness of plyometric training and interval training to a games player eg plyometric or interval training may not be the most important training type and can be reduced in preference to other types of training which are deemed more important. Answers must be in relation to a games player.
What can you do to gain extra marks on a question if you can’t remember the answer?
Look through the paper and identify the topics in the different questions. These may apply e.g Components of fitness relate to Methods of training, so you may be able to explain how that Method of training develops a COF.
Remember to Specify the outcome to performance for AO3 points
If you’re struggling with essay questions watch this video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WlIc3RmpCSI
