Commands

Question 1

passwd

Answer 1

changes the current user password

Question 2

echo

Answer 2

prints the text/string given to it to the screen, standard out, by default

Question 3

-n

Answer 3

no new line

Question 4

ls -d /*/

Answer 4

file structure and hierarchy that Linux implements to organize everything

Question 5

pwd

Answer 5

“Print Working Directory” - This command tells you the path of the directory file you are navigating.

Question 6

ls

Answer 6

“List Segments” - This command tells you what files are in the directory you are navigating. You can use the -a option to show hidden files. Hidden files in Linux start with a .

Question 7

.

Answer 7

The . character represents the directory you are currently navigating.

Question 8

..

Answer 8

This represents the directory that is directly above you.

Question 9

cd

Answer 9

“Change directory” - This command takes an argument of a directory and puts you into that directory.

Question 10

touch

Answer 10

creates a file in your working directory

Question 11

mkdir

Answer 11

creates a directory in your working directory

Question 12

mv

Answer 12

“Move” command takes two arguments:

The Source: The file you want to move.
The Destination: The location where you want to move the file.

use mv to rename files. Use the -r or “recursive” option to move an entire directory.

Question 13

cp

Answer 13

“Copy” command also takes two arguments:

The source file to copy.
The destination location for the copy.

Question 14

rm

Answer 14

delete files; if you would like to delete a directory and everything it contains, you can provide the -r or “recursive” option. This can be very dangerous, especially if you provide the -f or “force” option. You may end up accidentally deleting important files if you are not careful.

Question 15

rmdir

Answer 15

“Remove Directory” is how to delete directories. This directory needs to be empty.

Question 16

head

Answer 16

information from the head or top of a file

Question 17

tail

Answer 17

pulls lines from the tail (bottom) of a file

Question 18

sort

Answer 18

sorting the lines of a file

Question 19

uniq

Answer 19

grabbing only the unique lines of a file. It is often useful to use with sort

Question 20

wc

Answer 20

count of some input

Question 21

>

Answer 21

redirects the STDOUT to a file and overwrites anything that may have been in the file previously

Question 22

> >

Answer 22

appends the STDOUT to a file and appends the information to what was already in the file

Question 23

|

Answer 23

edirects the STDOUT to another command. This is also called a “pipe”.

Question 24

2> /dev/null

Answer 24

common addition to a command. Sometimes you do not want to see errors. Adding 2>

/dev/null will redirect STDERR so you do not see it

Question 25

find

Answer 25

Find takes at least two arguments. The first argument is the directory you want to look inside. The second argument is what you are looking for in the file system. find has many options for finding based on size, name, and more.

Question 26

locate

Answer 26

Locate works similarly to find. locate is generally the faster command. locate uses a database/cache to quickly store where a file is located. It is important to run the updatedb command often if you use locate so your database is up to date.

Question 27

which

Answer 27

Which takes another command as an argument and will tell you where the binary for that command lives in the file system.

Question 28

file

Answer 28

determining the type of a file

Question 29

useradd

Answer 29

requires you to have already encrypted the password if you want password protection. This is a good command to use for scripting

Question 30

adduser

Answer 30

tool for creating users

Question 31

groupadd

Answer 31

analogous to useradd, which is better for scripting

Question 32

addgroup

Answer 32

analogous to adduser, which is easier to use and set up a group

Question 33

grep

Answer 33

grep -r ‘’ –> will search all directories & files starting from current directory

grep ‘’ – will search all files for search terms