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Private & Commercial Pilot (DA 40NG) > Commercial - Aircraft Systems > Flashcards

Commercial - Aircraft Systems Flashcards

1
Q

For the two given scenarios regarding the operation of the Prop Governor, describe the end result.
1. Oil Pressure increase
2. Oil Pressure Decrease

A

DA 40 NG Systems slide

  1. Oil Pressure increase = Pitch increase = Low RPM
  2. Oil Pressure decrease = Pitch Decrease = High RPM
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2
Q

Briefly describe how a Prop Governor works, include the effect of high and low oil pressure on prop pitch.

A

DA40 NG

  1. The EECUs control a mechanism which compresses or decompresses a spring, the spring sits on top of the L shaped flyweights
  2. The L shaped flyweights rotate with the prop RPM, when they speed up, centrifugal force pushes them out and that allows for the Pilot valve to open and oil pressure enters the hub, increasing oil pressure & pitch, which decreases RPM. The opposite occurs when the flyweights are slowed down.
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3
Q

With a Fixed Pitch Propeller, what are the different flying conditions that change the efficiency of the prop and RPM?

A
  1. Aircraft attitude
    - Climbing results in the prop taking a bigger bite of air and therefore decreasing RPM
    - Descent results in the prop taking a smaller bite of air and therefore increasing RPM
  2. Aircraft Airspeed
    - Acceleration creates a decrease in the prop AOA creating a low pitch condition resulting in an increase in RPM
  3. Altitude
    - Higher altitudes can result in high RPMs due to the decrease in air density.
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4
Q

During what different scenarios can oxygen be helpful?

A
  1. Hypoxia
  2. Hyperventilation
  3. Carbon Monoxide poisoning
  4. Smoke/Fumes in the cabin
  5. Rapid Decompression
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5
Q

What are the 3 components of an oxygen system?

A
  1. Storage (containers)
  2. Delivery system
  3. Mask or Nasal Cannula
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6
Q

What are the 4 types of Oxygen storage systems available?

A
  1. ABO - Aviators Breathing Oxygen
    * Stored as a gas (cheaper)
    * Stored in high or low pressure containers
    * Very heavy
  2. LOX - Liquid Aviators Oxygen
    *Stored in a liquid state
    * The expansion that occurs when oxygen goes from a liquid to a solid allows for space/weight to be saved
    *Must be stored at extremely cold temperatures (skin exposure can cause frostbite)
    *Becomes flammable when in contact with petroleum products
  3. Solid-State Oxygen - Sodium Chlorate Candles
    *A chemical that when exposed to high temperatures, will release oxygen
    * Saves weight and space
    *Once the chemical reaction occurs, it can be hard to stop
    *More of a fire hazard than the 1st two due to the high temps necessary.
  4. MSOG - Molecular Sieve Oxygen Generators
    *A machine separate the oxygen from other elements in the air
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7
Q

What are the 3 main types of Oxygen Delivery Systems?

A
  1. Continuous Flow
  2. Diluter Demand
  3. Pressure Demand
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8
Q

Explain the following type of Oxygen Delivery System: Continuous Flow

A
  1. A continuous flow of oxygen flows to the user from the storage container
  2. Economical, cheap
  3. Very wasteful, flows whether you are breathing or not
  4. Typically used at FL280 and below
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9
Q

Explain the following type of Oxygen Delivery System: Diluter Demand

A
  1. Only provides oxygen when the user is inhaling
  2. Diluted with Cabin air to provide the proper percentage of Oxygen
  3. Typcially used at FL400 and below
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10
Q

Explain the following type of Oxygen Delivery System: Pressure Demand

A
  1. Oxygen is under positive pressure
  2. This causes the lungs to inflate, forcing the oxygen into the lung nodules
  3. Used above FL400, because other systems become inneffective.
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11
Q

What are the different types of oxygen masks?

A
  1. Nasal Cannulas
  2. Oral-Nasal Re-Breather
  3. Quick-Don
  4. Drop Down units (Dixie Cups)
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12
Q

Explain how the following Oxygen mask works: Nasal Cannulas

A
  1. Continuous flow device
  2. Use is restricted to 18,000ft (FAR)
    * This is due to the fact the blood oxygen levels can be reduced if you breath out of your mouth or talk too much
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13
Q

Explain how the following Oxygen mask works: Oral-Nasal Re-Breather

A
  1. Has a plastic bag that is used to collect the exhaled air where it is mixed with oxygen to be inhaled again.
  2. Common and cheap
  3. Used up to FL250
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14
Q

Explain how the following Oxygen mask works: Quick-Don

A
  1. Must be donned with ONE hand in LESS THAN 5 seconds
  2. Must also be able to accomdoate glasses
  3. Usually rated up to FL400
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15
Q

Explain how the following Oxygen mask works: Drop Down Unit (Dixie Cup)

A
  1. Continuous flow
  2. 100% oxygen is fed into the bag, if bag is emptied, a valve will open which allows for cabin air to be inhaled as well
  3. Exhaled air is vented through another one-way valve, exhaled air goes to the cabin, not the bag
  4. Usefull up to FL400

Similar to a Re-Breather. Normally for passengers

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16
Q
A
17
Q

What acronym do we use to remember how to check Oxygen equipment?

A

PRICE

P - Pressure & Quantity adequate
R - Regulator is working
I - Indicator, make sure it indicates oxygen will flow through the system
C - Connections lines & mask secure
E - Emergency, ensure locations are excessable and breif passengers on use

18
Q

What are the Part 91 Oxygen rules?

A

CABIN PRESSURES

12,500-14,000ft
* Above 12,500, up to and includeding 14,000
* CREW must use oxygen for any period over 30 mins

ABOVE 14,000ft
* CREW must use oxygen for the entire time

ABOVE 15,000ft
* Each occupant must be PROVIDED with oxygen

AT PRESSURE ALTITUDES

ABOVE FL250
* At least an additional 10 mins of oxygen (on top of the above)

ABOVE FL350
* One pilot at the controls must use oxygen, or wear a mask that automatically supplies oxygen when cabin pressure exceeds 14,000ft
* UNLESS, while at or below FL 410, there are two pilots, and they both have Quick-Don masks
* Also, if one pilot leaves the controls, the other must put on an oxygen mask.

FAR 91.211

REMEMER: Quick-Don masks require that they be put on with ONE HAND within 5 SECONDS.

19
Q

What are the oxygen requirements for PRESSUREIZED CABINS only?

A

AT PRESSURE ALTITUDES

ABOVE FL250
* At least an additional 10 mins of oxygen (on top of the above)

ABOVE FL350
* One pilot at the controls must use oxygen, or wear a mask that automatically supplies oxygen when cabin pressure exceeds 14,000ft
* UNLESS, while at or below FL410, there are two pilots, and they both have Quick-Don masks
* Also, if one pilot leaves the controls, the other must put on an oxygen mask.

FAR 91.211(b)

REMEMBER: FL250, FL350, & FL410

Private & Commercial Pilot (DA 40NG) (26 decks)

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