Common Acute Illness

Question 1

children have relatively large ______ area compared to ______

Answer 1

children have relatively large SURFACE area compared to VOLUME

Question 2

in the URT, children have a ____ anterior larynx and a floppy _________

Answer 2

in the URT, children have a HIGH anterior larynx and a floppy EPIGLOTTIS

Question 3

how many ml of blood per kg do children have?

Answer 3

80mls/kg

Question 4

name the most common things that children present with (9)

Answer 4

1. bronchiolitis/URTI/croup - 28%
2. gastroenteritis - 8.8%
3. seizures/epilepsy - 6.6%
4. pneumonia/LRTI - 6.2%
5. asthma - 5.7%
6. viral illness - 5.2%
7. head injury - 2.3%
8. abdominal pain - 3.5%
9. UTI - 2.2%

Question 5

name the most commonest reason for acute illness in children

Answer 5

sepsis

Question 6

acute inflammatory injury of the bronchioles is known as what?

Answer 6

bronchiolitis

Question 7

what is heard in the chest of a child with bronchiolitis

Answer 7

widespread fine crackles

Question 8

bronchiolitis is viral causes by what?

Answer 8

RSV

Question 9

Larygnotracheobronchitis is what?

Answer 9

croup

Question 10

what causes croup?

Answer 10

parainfluenza

Question 11

when is croup noisy?

Answer 11

when breathing IN

Question 12

an episodic wheeze in which children grow out of is seen in what?

Answer 12

bronchiolitis

Question 13

what can 2 year olds with asthma not do?

Answer 13

use a peak flow

Question 14

name the investigations for meningitis and encephalitis in children

Answer 14

lumbar puncture

imaging

Question 15

what test can be performed on the skin of a child with meningococcemia?

Answer 15

tumbler test

press against skin and should go white - negative

if doesn’t go white then test is positive and seek medical attention immediately

Question 16

name the common seizure in children

Answer 16

febrile seizure

Question 17

what age range do febrile seizure occur at?

Answer 17

6 month to 5 years

Question 18

febrile seizures are associated with a high what?

Answer 18

temperature

Question 19

what does shaking cause in children?

Answer 19

Retinal haemorrhages

Question 20

what does squeezing a child cause?

Answer 20

rib fractures

Question 21

a young, skinny, alkaloid, fragile baby that vomits all the time

diagnosis?

Answer 21

congenital pyloric stenosis

Question 22

name some Gi obstructions in infants

Answer 22

congenital pyloric stenosis
volvulus
intussusception
malrotation

Question 23

what causes cyanosis and heart failure in infants?

Answer 23

congenital heart disease

Question 24

name the common arrhythmia in infants

Answer 24

svt - supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

Question 25

name a rare but severe infection of the heart in infants

Answer 25

bacterial endocarditis