Common Conditions Ix & Tx Flashcards
(26 cards)
Investigations and treatment for Myocardial Infarction?
ECG to diagnose
PCI or thrombolysis with alteplase
Secondary prevention for MI?
5 A’s:
Aspirin 7mg OD
Another antiplatelet for 12 months (clopidogrel or ticagrelor)
Atorvastatin
ACE inhibitor
Atenolol (or other BB)
LVF treatment and investigations?
BNP + CXR + ECHO + Bloods
Oxygen + diuretics + STOP IV fluids + Monitor fluid balance
Chronic HF treatment and investigations?
BNP + CXR + ECHO + Bloods
ACEi + Beta blocker
Add spirinolactone if not controlled
Annual influenza vaccine
Atrial Fibrillation treatment and investigations?
ECG
Beta blocker first line
CCB second line (don’t use in HF)
CHADVASC for anticoagulation, ORBIT for bleeding
Pneumonia treatment and investigations?
CXR + sputum culture + blood culture if sepsis picture
Follow local abx guidelines
Pulmonary Embolism treatment and investigations?
Perform Wells score, if > 4 do a CTPA
V/Q scan if renal impairment
DOAC (direct oral anticoagulant): apixaban or rivaroxaban
LMWH + Vit K / unfractionated heparin / LMWH in renal impairment
3 months in provoked PE, 6 months if cause unknown or untreatable cause, 6 months in cancer
AKI treatment and investigations?
Urinalysis +/- USS of urinary tract if obstruction
Fluid rehydration (if pre-renal cause)
Stop nephrotoxic medications (NSAIDs / ACEi’s etc)
Relieve the obstruction if obstructive
CKD treatment and investigations?
U&E’s + ACR + Dipstick +/- USS
Vitamin D analogue (calcitriol)
Low phosphate diet
Bisphosphonates if osteoporosis
Haematopoetin if anaemia
ACEi first line antihypertensive in CKD
Hyperkalaemia treatment and investigations?
ECG + U&E’s
Insulin infusion + dextrose + IV calcium gluconate
Nebulized salbutamol temp. puts K into cells
IV fluids can help wash out extra K
Dialysis if really severe
Renal cell carcinoma treatment and investigations?
CT thorax, abdo and pelvis
Radical or partial nephrectomy
Ascending cholangitis treatment and investigations?
MRCP + Bloods (LFT) +/- USS
Antibiotics +/- drainage
Diverticulitis treatment and investigations?
CT Abdo & Pelvis
Antibiotics and high fibre
hyperthyroidism treatment and investigations?
TFT’s
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil 2nd line
May need beta blockers or thyroidectomy
Leukaemia treatment and investigations?
Bloods + blood film + bone marrow biopsy + lymph node biopsy + imaging for metastases
Radiotherapy +/- bone marrow transplant +/- Surgery
Suspected stroke treatment and investigations?
Admit to stroke centre + 300mg Aspirin for 2 weeks + CT head
Confirmed stroke treatment and investigations?
Diffusion weighted MRI
Thrombolysis with alteplase
Fibroids treatment and investigations?
TVUS
Mirena coil
Sx treatment with NSAIDs / tranexamic acid
Surgery - myomectomy
Endometriosis treatment and investigations?
Laparoscopy
COCP (hormones 1st line)
NSAIDs & paracetamol
Heavy menstrual bleeding treatment?
Contraception !!!!
Mirena coil 1st line
Tranexamic acid if not
Pre-eclampsia treatment and investigations?
BP (> 140/90) + Urinalysis (protein +)
Labetalol is 1st line
Nifedipine 2nd line
Possible complications of pre-eclampsia?
Eclampsia
Prematurity / growth restriction
Haemorrhage (abruption)
HF
Placenta praevia treatment and investigations?
TVUS
Elective / emergency C-section
Placental abruption management?
Foetal distress - immediate c-section
No foetal distress < 36 weeks steroids
If no foetal distress & at term vaginal delivery or elective caesarean
