General Practice > Common Conditions Update > Flashcards

Common Conditions Update Flashcards

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1
Q

Asthma

  1. You suspect Brittle asthma. Which PEF corresponds
A

● Brittle Asthma = Peak Flow 40% diurnal variation

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2
Q
  1. Moderate Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Moderate Asthma = Peak Flow > 50% - 75%

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3
Q
  1. Acute / Severe Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Acute Severe Asthma = Peak Flow 33% - 50%

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4
Q
  1. Life Threatening Asthma

Which PEF corresponds

A

● Life Threatening Asthma = Peak Flow <33%

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5
Q

secondary prevention following MI?

A 
Medical Management?
●  Aspirin 75mg OD
●  ACEi (esp. if angina + DM)
●  Statins: simvastatin 40mg
●  Antihypertensives
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6
Q

Options to help patient stop smoking

A 
Stop smoking
●  - Specialist nurse
●  - Nicotine replacement 
●  - Bupropion,
●  - Verenicline
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7
Q

Give potential medical causes of tiredness in a girl aged 16 (Hint think of a must not miss cause)

A 
Differentials for tiredness
●  Diabetes
●  Anaemia
●  Depression 
●  Anxiety
●  Insomnia
●  Early Pregnancy
●  Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
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8
Q

How do you definitively diagnose lung cancer in a suspected patient?

A

Diagnosis lung cancer

contrast-enhanced chest CT scan

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9
Q

What is the most common type of lung cancer

A

Most Common LC

NSCLC

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10
Q

How do you manage Small Cell LC initially

A

SCLC initial Mgx:

4-6 cycles of cisplatin-based combination chemotherapy

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11
Q

How do you manage Non Small Cell LC Stage 1 and 2

A

NSCLC Mgx

Lobar Resection

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12
Q

Which type of lung cancer has a worse prognosis?

A

Worse prognosis

SCLC

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13
Q

What are the sub groupings of NSCLC?

A

NSCLC

  • adenocarcinoma
  • squamous cell
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14
Q

What is the most common subtype of lung cancer

A

Common NSCLC

- adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

How do you definitively diagnose colorectal cancer in a suspected patient without a major comorbidity?

A

Diagnosis young healthy colorectal cancer

Colonoscopy

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16
Q

How do you definitively diagnose colorectal cancer in a suspected patient if they have a major comorbidity?

A

Diagnosis colorectal cancer for patient with major comorbidity
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy + barium enema

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17
Q

What does Triple Assessment involve?

A

Triple Assessment

Clinical assessment
Mammography
USS imaging
Core Biopsy + FNA

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18
Q

Domestic Violence

What is it?

A

Any behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, psychological or sexual harm

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19
Q

Syphilis

How do I know I have it?

A

Syphilis

presenting complaint of rash + fever
examination finding of lymphadenopathy

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20
Q

Syphilis

What is it?

A

Syphilis

Infection by microorganism called spirochaete
Treponema pallidum

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21
Q

Syphilis

Management

A

Syphilis

benzathine benzylpenicillin 2.4 mega unit injection into the buttocks

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22
Q

HIV

Investigation?

A

HIV

Antibody PCR Test + p24 test

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23
Q

HIV

Treatment

A

HIV

2 NRTI + NNRTI / Boosted Protease inhibitor

nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor

protease inhibitor

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24
Q

Hepatitis B

Igx

A

HBsAg = ongoing infection, either acute or chronic if present > 6 months

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25
Hepatitis B Chronic infection treatment
Hepatitis B Chronic infection Mgx - pegylated interferon-alpha
26
Migraine Presentation PC?
Migraine * Prodrome of visual loss * Severe unilateral or bilateral headache with a pulsatile quality. * Nausea + Vomiting + sensitivity to light
27
Migraine Management- 5) What medications can be given 1st line in an acute situation
Migraine Medical Management- 1st line oral triptan, NSAID propranolol
28
Otitis Media When should you prescribe antibiotics?
Otitis Media ●Atbx for otitis media = age < 2 yr + bilateral otitis media
29
Glandular Fever Investigation Diagnostic Test?
Glandular Fever Investigation NICE guidelines suggest FBC and Monospot in the 2nd week
30
Glandular Fever Management Do you need to treat it?
- rest - fluid, avoid alcohol - simple analgesia for any aches or pains - avoid playing contact sports self-resolves 2-4 weeks
31
Influenza How is the flu jab different for children?
Influenza children flu jab = live
32
Substance Misuse First line medications for opioid abuse NICE?
Substance Misuse first-line treatment for opioid detoxification = methadone buprenorphine
33
Diabetes Investigation to confirm Diabetes for symptomatic patient WHO?
Diabetes ONCE fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/l OR ONCE random glucose > 11.1 mmol/l OR after 75g oral glucose tolerance test blood glucose > 11.1 mmol/l
34
Diabetes Investigation to confirm Diabetes for asymptomatic patient is ?
Diabetes TWICE fasting glucose > 7.0 mmol/l on TWO separate occasions OR random glucose > 11.1 mmol/l
35
Diabetes T2DM first line med
Diabetes first-line T2DM med = metformin
36
Diabetes T1DM insulin regimen
Diabetes bi-basal insulin detemir + rapid‑acting insulin before meals
37
Anaemia Macrocytic normoblastic anaemia differentials?
Anaemia Macrocytic normoblastic anaemia differentials alcohol liver disease hypothyroidism pregnancy
38
Anaemia Microcytic Anemia differentials?
Anaemia iron-deficiency anaemia thalassaemia*
39
Anaemia Macrocytic megaloblastic anaemia differentials?
Anaemia Macrocytic anaemia vitamin B12 deficiency folate deficiency
40
Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism PC
Hypothyroidism ``` Weight gain Lethargy Cold intolerance also constipation Menorrhagia Dry Skin ```
41
Hypothyroidism Gold standard Igx?
Hypothyroidism TFT Blood Test
42
Hypothyroidism TFT pattern for Primary Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism Primary Hypothyroidism LOW T4 HIGH TSH
43
Hypothyroidism TFT pattern for Secondary Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism Secondary Hypothyroidism LOW T4, LOW TSH
44
Hypothyroidism TFT pattern for Subclinical Hypothyroidism?
Hypothyroidism Subclinical Hypothyroidism NORMAL T4 HIGH TSH
45
Emergency Contraception Name two emergency contraceptive pills?
Emergency Contraception Levonelle-1 (Levonorgestrel) 48 hours Emergency ellaOne Ulipristal Acetate 48 hours Morning After
46
Emergency Contraception What is the deadline for taking the emergency pill?
Emergency Contraception 72 hours
47
Emergency Contraception What dose for taking the emergency pill - Levonelle-1 (Levonorgestrel)?
Emergency Contraception 1.5 mg single dose
48
Emergency Contraception What is the deadline for taking the Morning after pill?
Emergency Contraception 120 hours
49
Emergency Contraception What dose for taking the morning after pill ellaOne
Emergency Contraception 300 mg
50
Emergency Contraception Alternative to pills (Gold Standard)?
Emergency Contraception Copper Coil
51
Emergency Contraception First choice emergency contraceptive pill
Levonorgestrel | Levonelle-1
52
Management Heartburn no redflags hint trial of common
trial PPI for one month then try h pylori test if still not then try endoscopy
53
Heartburn presentation things that make it worse hint 4 things hint position shx
worse after a meal worse after lying down worse after alcohol worse after smoking
54
Dyspepsia exacerbating hint ibuprofen
Dyspepsia is associated with NSAID use
55
Differentials heartburn | common and red flag hint oesophagitis
Oesophagitis | Oesophageal cancer
56
Systems relevant in SR for heartburn hint pregnancy
Cardiac GI pregnancy and respiratory and neuro
57
Red flags of heart burn
``` pain swallowing difficulty swallowing nausea vomit colour change in appetite feeling full early weight loss dark stools waking up to wee ```
58
Stricture causing heartburn medical name?
achalasia
59
CAncer of the oesaophagus differentials
barrets | coeliac
60
Management heartburn
lifestyle meals alcohol smoking Information leaflets Medication antacids such as gaviscon PPI trial for 1 month or 2 months
61
Management heartburn
lifestyle meals alcohol smoking Information leaflets Medication antacids such as gaviscon PPI trial for 1 month or 2 months refer to specialist 2 week wait do a follow up
62
``` Management fo red flag heartburn bleedinig anaemia weight loss difficulty swallowing pain swallowing persistent vomiting mass barium meal ```
urgent referral
63
Igx in secondary care
1 endoscopy 2 barium meal 3 oesophagus pH 4 h pylori
64
Diarrhoea
``` Gastroenteritis antibiotics IBS IBD Bowel CAncer Overflow Alcohol Coeliac DIverticular SHort gut ```
65
Diarrhoea key points
``` Travel Diet Antibiotics Aching joints Headache Mucus Blood Pain ```
66
Diarrhoea Igx
``` Stool MCNS CRP FBC LFT TFT Tissue tranglutaminase UE faecal elastase FAecal calcipronectin ```
67
Diarrhoea Mgx
Hand washing No work for 72 hours No school 48 hours Oral rehydration 2 litres clear fluid oral rehydratioin salts stop diurectic ACEi NSAID Meds Loperamide notify if food poisioning
68
IBS key signs
relieved by defecationi or bowel movement in general diagnosis of exclusion
69
IBS mgx
``` Diet less fibre dietician no caffeine lots of clear fluid ``` lifestyle less stress MEds Anti spas mebeverine for bloating anti dirrhoea for loperamide TCA for pain and diarrhoea SSRI if TCA fails linaclotide for moderate to sever econstipation with IBS

General Practice (8 decks)

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