common disease for oxygen and circulation

Question 1

what is Hypoxia?

Answer 1

Below the expected level of oxygen in body tissue.

Question 2

what are some signs and symptoms of Hypoxia

Answer 2

confusion, irritability, restlessness, dyspnea, pursed lip breathing, use of intercostal/accessoru muscles

Question 3

true or false: Hypoxia always results from hypoxemia.

Answer 3

false, Hypoxia can result from anemia (can occur when blood levels are normal)

Question 4

how do V.S. look for hypoxia?

Answer 4

tachypnea, tachycardia or bradycardia.
-BP starts high then low

Question 5

What is COPD?

Answer 5

chronic bronchitis: (inflammation of the airways)
Emphysema: (destruction of the alveoli)

Question 6

what are some symptoms of CHronic bronchitis?

Answer 6

cough, crackles/wheezing, cyanosis, low O2. SOB, “blue bloater”, obesity, edema

Question 7

what are some symptoms of Emphysema?

Answer 7

barrel chest, pursed-lip breathing, “pink puffer”, pink skin, skinny

Question 8

why do we use bronchodilators?

Answer 8

to relax the airway muscles

Question 9

treatment of COPD?

Answer 9

Breathing techniques: pursed-lip breathing and diaphragmatic breathing
-meds
-o2

Question 10

what is Asthma?

Answer 10

chronic inflammatory disease of airways–> leads to narrowing and swelling/bronchospasm

Question 11

what are some signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 11

wheezing, SOB, chest tightness, coughing

Question 12

what is Pneumonia?

Answer 12

infection of the lungs that causes inflammation/fluid/pus in alveoli

Question 13

what are the signs and symptoms of Pneumonia?

Answer 13

fever/chills, SOB, crackles, confusion, cough

Question 14

what are some treatments for Pneumonia?

Answer 14

antibiotics, O2 therapy, and using incentive spirometry

Question 15

what causes hypoxia?

Answer 15

Respiratory issues (COPD, pneumonia), anemia, cardiac failure.

Question 16

how are v.s with someone who has COPD?

Answer 16

high: RR, HR
low: spO2

Question 17

how are v.s with someone who has asthma?

Answer 17

high: RR, HR
low: spO2

Question 18

how are v.s with someone who has Pneumonia?

Answer 18

↑ HR, ↑ RR, ↑ Temp, ↓ SpO₂.

Question 19

what can cause hypertension?

Answer 19

Obesity, salt intake, kidney disease.

Question 20

what are some causes to hypotension?

Answer 20

Dehydration, blood loss, shock.

Question 21

what is DKA?

Answer 21

Life-threatening complication of Type 1 diabetes

Question 22

what causes DKA?

Answer 22

Missed insulin doses, infection, stress.

Question 23

how are the vital signs on someone who has L.S. HF?

Answer 23

↑ HR, ↓ BP in severe cases, ↓ SpO₂

Question 24

what are the tx for DKA?

Answer 24

IV fluids, IV insulin, correct electrolytes (watch potassium!).

Question 25

how are the vital signs on someone who has L.S. HF?

Answer 25

↑ HR, ↑ BP/RR in severe cases,

Question 26

how to treat left side HF?

Answer 26

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, oxygen, fluid restriction.

Question 27

what is a Mi (myocardial infarction)?

Answer 27

Blockage of coronary artery causing heart muscle death.

Question 28

what are the signs/symptoms of MI?

Answer 28

Crushing chest pain, radiates to arm/jaw, diaphoresis, nausea.

Question 29

how are the v.s with a MI pt?

Answer 29

↑ HR, ↓ BP (if shock develops), ↑ RR.

Question 30

what is angina?

Answer 30

Temporary chest pain due to ischemia.

Question 31

what is the tx for angina?

Answer 31

Rest, nitroglycerin, beta-blockers.

Question 32

what is the difference between Ventilation vs. Oxygenation?

Answer 32

Ventilation--> Moving air in/out of lungs Oxygenatio--> Getting O₂ into blood

Question 33

what would be a problem example where ventilation is the issue?

Answer 33

COPD, asthma attack (air can't get in and out)

Question 34

what would be a problem example where oxygenation is the issue?

Answer 34

pneumonia, pulmonary edema

Question 35

what causes fluid overload?

Answer 35

Heart failure, kidney failure, excessive IV fluids.

Question 36

what are some signs/symptoms of fluid overload?

Answer 36

Edema, crackles, JVD, weight gain, SOB.