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N1B mid term review > Oxygen therapy module > Flashcards

Oxygen therapy module Flashcards

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1
Q
A
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2
Q

What does the medulla and pons do in oxygenation?

A

Regulation of ventilation (controls how fast you breathe)

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3
Q

Where does carbon dioxide buffering occur?

A

Through buffer system with bicarbonate

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4
Q

What causes left-sided heart failure?

A
  • Coronary Artery Disease (blocked coronary arteries reduce O2 to the heart) * Myocardial Infarction (part of the heart dies) * Hypertension (increases resistance)
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5
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of left-sided heart failure?

A
  • Crackles * Dyspnea (SOB) * Decreased cardiac output
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6
Q

Left-sided heart failure affects which parts of the body?

A
  • Lungs (pulmonary congestion, crackles in lungs, SOB) * Left ventricle (unable to pump blood to the body)
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7
Q

Right-sided heart failure affects which parts of the body?

A
  • Body (peripheral edema, JVD, ascites) * Right ventricle (unable to pump to lungs → blood backs up)
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8
Q

What is hypoxemia?

A

Low amount of oxygen in the blood

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9
Q

What is hypoxia?

A

Below the expected level of oxygen in body tissue

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10
Q

Can hypoxemia lead to hypoxia?

A

Yes, but you can have hypoxia even if blood oxygen looks normal

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11
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of hypoxia?

A
  • Restlessness * Tachycardia * Hypertension * Tachypnea
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12
Q

Would you encourage fluid intake to thin secretions with someone with COPD?

A

yes to loosen secretions

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13
Q

What are the differences between stroke volume and cardiac output?

A
  • Stroke Volume: how much blood the heart pumps * Cardiac Output: how much blood the heart pumps out per minute
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14
Q

If the myocardium has __________ contractility, the preload and cardiac output will _______.

A

Decreased / decrease

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15
Q

Which nervous system is responsible for bronchodilation?

A

Sympathetic (relaxes airway smooth muscles)

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16
Q

What is perfusion?

A

Blood flow through pulmonary capillaries for gas exchange

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17
Q

What is ventilation?

A

Mechanical process of moving air into (inhalation) and out of (exhalation)

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18
Q

What prevents friction between the lungs and the chest wall during respiration?

A

Pleural fluid

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19
Q

What is lung compliance?

A

How easily the lungs can stretch and expand when air fills them

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20
Q

What is excursion?

A

Movement of the chest wall and diaphragm during breathing

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21
Q

When is percussion used?

A

To assess cardiac border and identify any abnormal fluid in lungs

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22
Q

Wheezing is heard during what time of breathing?

A

Exhalations

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23
Q

What causes wheezing?

A

Constricted airways

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24
Q

What is rhonchi?

A

Rattling caused by obstruction in airway

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25
Stridor is like?
Wheezing but is caused by constriction in upper airways -Heard in inhalation
26
Where is the aortic valve found?
2nd intercostal space right sternal border
27
What does a murmur sound like?
Whooshing or blowing
28
What are some manifestations of hypoxemia?
* Irritability * Dyspnea * Restlessness * Cyanosis * Tachypnea/Tachycardia or bradycardia
29
What are some physical signs of hypoxemia?
* Pursed lip breathing * Intercostal retractions * Use of accessory muscles
30
What symptoms does alkalosis show?
* Weakness * Increased HR * Dizziness * Difficulty breathing * Headache * Anxiety -High pH = High irritability of nerves and muscles.
31
What are some side effects of hypoventilation?
* Anxiety * Dyspnea with exercise * Confusion * Weakness * Cough
32
Who is affected by hypoxia?
* Smoke inhalation * Medications that decrease RR * High altitudes * Anemia * COPD
33
What are some side effects of bradycardia?
* Lightheadedness * Fatigue * Chest pain * Syncope * Shortness of breath
34
What are some side effects of tachycardia?
* Heart palpitations * Chest pain * Shortness of breath
35
What happens in atrial fibrillation?
Rapid, irregular heartbeat leading to heart quivering
36
What is stenosis?
Narrowing/stiffness of heart valve -doesn't allow blood to move foward --> ventricles work harder--> then become inlarged
37
What is hypoperfusion?
Impaired tissue perfusion -seen in hypotension
38
What are the three factors that contribute to tissue perfusion?
* Preload * Contractility * Afterload
39
What are the signs and symptoms of impaired tissue perfusion?
* Chest pain * Syncope * Arrhythmias * Altered LOC * Decreased urine output
40
What are the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction?
* Angina * Neck/jaw pain * Nausea/vomiting * Tachycardia
41
What causes myocardial infarction?
Complete or partial blockage of the coronary arteries
42
Angina pectoris is a symptom of?
Coronary Artery Disease
43
What are the signs and symptoms of angina?
* Sweating * Dizziness * Shortness of breath * Pain that radiates to arms, neck, and jaw
44
Myocardial infarction is?
Heart attack (death of heart muscle tissue) due to prolonged lack of O2
45
What conditions can lead to hyperventilation?
* Anxiety * COPD * Diabetic ketoacidosis (body is trying to compensate by hyperventilating)
46
What is pulmonary embolism?
Blockage of the pulmonary artery
47
What is tactile fremitus?
Assessment technique to feel vibrations on chest wall
48
What is the flow rate of a nasal cannula?
1-6 L/min (24-44% O2)
49
What are potential complications of a nasal cannula?
* Headache * Dry nose with flow greater than 4 L/min
50
What is the purpose of chest physiotherapy?
Percussion of chest, vibration, and postural drainage
51
Who benefits from chest physiotherapy?
* People with COPD * Cystic fibrosis * Pneumonia
52
What is the goal of chest tube insertion?
Aid with lung expansion and restore normal intrapleural pressure
53
What are clinical signs of oxygen toxicity?
* Cough * Dyspnea * Pleuritic chest pain * Substernal heaviness
54
where is the pulmonic placement found?
2nd intercostal space, left sternal border
55
where is the tricuspid placement found?
4th or 5th intercostal space, left sternal border
56
where is the mitral placement found?
5th intercostal space, midclavicular line on left
57
Simple face mask L/min and who can it be used on?
used on mouth breathers 5-8 L/min
58
High-flow nasal cannula requires ?
specialized flometer
59
Nonbreather masks are?
Valves go into reservoir bag and holes in mask (gases do not return to bag) -NO air is reused
60
L/min and % for nonbreather masks?
10-15 L/min 80-95%
61
Nonbreather masks must be fill to at least?
1/3
62
Partial Rebreather Mask % and L/min?
60-90% 10-15 L/min
63
Partial Rebreather Mask is?
Inspiration: air goes into holes of mask and into bag Some exhaled air is reused (moderate O2 )
64
Aerosol mask is used for?
deliver nebulized medications in the form of a mist for inhalation
65
EXAMPLE of positive airway pressure treatment is?
CPAP: machine that is thru nose or mask that delivers steady air, creating + pressure
66
when is CPAP used
Used for ppl with Obstructuve sleep apnea, Cardiopulmonary disease, stroke,
67
when do we use a BiPAP
for pt with muscle weakness that stops breathing FOR SLEEP APENEA
68
Sputum sample should be collected during?
Morning before eating or drinking
69
Steps to collect sputum?
Pt takes many deep breaths→ force a deep cough→ pt should cough 1-2 tsp into sterole specimen cup
70
What is chest physiotherapy?
Percussion of chest, vibration and postural drainage
71
Who benefits from chest physiotherapy?
-ppl with COPD, cystic fibrosis, pneumonia
72
Percussion is not done over?
-ribs, sides of chest, lower back, breatbone and spine
73
What is IS (incentive spironmeter used for?)
-promote deep breathing/helps normal breathing pattern -prevents atelectasis -provies feedback of inspiratory vol.
74
Pursed lipped breathing pathway?
-releases air trapped in lungs -inhale thru nose and exhale through mouth
75
Flutter valve steps?
-pt sits in chair elbows on table -pt heads held upward -pt makes tight seal around mouth piece and inhlaes -client exhales for 3-4 -repeat 10x -pt coughs 3 times to remove secretions
76
what is the goal of BiPAP mach.?
assist with both oxygenation and ventilation -delivers 2 diff. pressures
77
what is the goal of CPAP machine?
deliver 1 constant level of positive pressure

N1B mid term review (6 decks)

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