Common Exam Questions

Question 1

Foreign travel, night sweats, erythema nodosum is most likely to signify what disease?

Answer 1

TB

Question 2

Similar signs to TB but with ‘bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy’ is likely to be what?

Answer 2

Sarcoidosis

Question 3

What hormone(s) are produced by squamous cell cancers?

Answer 3

Parathyroid hormone

Question 4

What does excess parathyroid hormone like substances cause?

Answer 4

Hypercalcaemia- osteoporosis, headaches, confusion, thirst and constipation

Question 5

What hormone(s) are produced by small cell tumours?

Answer 5

ADH and ACTH

Question 6

What does excess ADH and ACTH like substances cause?

Answer 6

Hyponatremia- main symptom is confusion, and there is also increased water uptake

Question 7

What happens to the osmolarity of urine and serum in small cell cancer?

Answer 7

Serum increased

Urine decreased

Question 8

What type of lung tumour is commonly seen in non-smokers and causes a lot of mucus production?

Answer 8

Adenocarcinoma

Question 9

What type of lung cancer is usually found peripherally?

Answer 9

Adenocarcinoma

Question 10

What type of tumour causes sympathetic chain disruption? What can this result in?

Answer 10

Pancoast tumour- causes Horner’s syndrome

Question 11

What 2 investigations can be used for achalasia?

Answer 11

Barium swallow and manometry

Question 12

What are treatment options for achalasia?

Answer 12

Surgery (Heller’s myotomy), Ca++ blockers, diuretics, balloon dilatation

Question 13

What investigation is used to look for bone metastases?

Answer 13

PET scan

Question 14

What investigation is used for staging cancers?

Answer 14

CT scan

Question 15

What tests can be used for DVT?

Answer 15

Ultrasound, d-dimers

Question 16

How are the two ways you can calculate MABP?

Answer 16

((2x diastolic) + systolic) / 3

Diastolic + 1/3rd (systolic-diastolic)

Question 17

How can you calculate cardiac output?

Answer 17

SV x HR

Question 18

What are the 4 layers of the GI from internal to external?

Answer 18

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, serosa

Question 19

What are the treatments for COPD exacerbation?

Answer 19

Ipratropium, salbutamol, oxygen, antibiotics, prednisolone

Question 20

Except in emergencies, what level of oxygen is normally used for someone with COPD?

Answer 20

24-28% venturi mask

Question 21

What could cause a young non-smoker to have symptoms of COPD and possible liver problems?

Answer 21

Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency

Question 22

Wilson’s disease causes an excess of what metal?

Answer 22

Copper

Question 23

What liver problem can cause pigmented skin?

Answer 23

Haemochromatosis

Question 24

Haemochromatosis gives excess of what metal?

Answer 24

Iron

Question 25

What is the most common 2 types of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients?

Answer 25

Pneumocystis pneumonia, streptococcus pneumonia

Question 26

What is 'the number of total cases exposed to risk'?

Answer 26

Prevalence

Question 27

What is 'the number of new cases exposed to risk'?

Answer 27

Incidence

Question 28

What is the treatment for TB?

Answer 28

2 months rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol then 4 months rifampicin and isoniazid

Question 29

Which TB drug gives you red/orange tears and possibly flu-like symptoms?

Answer 29

Rifampicin

Question 30

Which TB drug gives peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 30

Isoniazid

Question 31

Which TB drug gives gout, arthralgia and myalgia?

Answer 31

Pyrazinamide

Question 32

Which TB drug gives optic neuritis?

Answer 32

Ethambutol

Question 33

What defines short bowel syndrome?

Answer 33

< 200cm

Question 34

What produces antibodies?

Answer 34

Plasma cells

Question 35

What is used to diagnose osteoporosis? When is this commonly used?

Answer 35

DEXA bone scan- to monitor patients on steroids and immunocompromised

Question 36

What does HBaAg mean?

Answer 36

Patient is infected and infectious (if present for more than 6 months it defines chronic)

Question 37

What does HBeAg mean?

Answer 37

Highly infectious individual

Question 38

What does Anti-Hbe mean?

Answer 38

Immunity

Question 39

When is a positive IgM test seen for Hep B?

Answer 39

Acute only

Question 40

HBV DNA is an indicator of what?

Answer 40

Infectivity and prognosis

Question 41

What are the 3 levels of treatment for a mild (< 2cm) pneumothorax?

Answer 41

``` Consider discharge Needle aspiration Chest drain (4-5th intercostal space mid-axillary line) ```

Question 42

What is the treatment for a severe pneumothorax (> 2cm) in a patient > 50 years or symptomatic?

Answer 42

Insert chest drain

Question 43

What is the treatment for a severe pneumothorax (> 2cm) in a patient < 50 years or asymptomatic?

Answer 43

Needle aspiration

Question 44

What is the first and second line treatment for a tension pneumothorax?

Answer 44

1. Needle decompression | 2. Chest drain 2nd intercostal space mid-clavicular line

Question 45

What is a pleural effusion with protein level > 30g/L?

Answer 45

Exudate

Question 46

What is a pleural effusion with protein level < 30g/L?

Answer 46

Transudate