Common Gait Deviations

Question 1

what are 2 common deviations you might see at the foot/toe during IC

Answer 1

excessive IV (supination)
excessive EV

Question 2

what 2 things might cause excessive inversion of the foot during IC

Answer 2

**overactive invertors - UMN disorder **
equinovarus contracture

Question 3

what is the major cause of excessive EV at the foot during IC?

Answer 3

weak invertors
secondarily - low arch/knee valgus

Question 4

what are 3 common deviations you might see at the ankle during IC

Answer 4

foot slap
foot flat (no heel strike)
forefoot contact

Question 5

what are 2 causes of foot slap at IC

Answer 5

mildly weak pretibials
lacking ECC control

Question 6

what are 3 causes of foot flat during IC

Answer 6

weak pretibials
joint contracture - ankle
compensation for excessive knee flexion during TSw

Question 7

what are 3 causes of forefoot contact during IC

Answer 7

severely weak DF
joint contracture
spastic calf m

Question 8

what are 4 ankle/foot deviations you might see during LR

Answer 8

foot slap
excessive EV
excessive IV
excessive toe extension

Question 9

what might cause excessive toe extension during LR

Answer 9

compensation for weak tib anterior - trying to help DF foot
toe extensor hypertonicity

Question 10

what are 4 deviations you might see at the ankle during MSt

Answer 10

insufficient tibial advancement
premature heel rise
excessive DF
compensatory vaulting

Question 11

what might cause insufficient tibial advancement during MSt

Answer 11

weak PF/poor ECC control of PF
spastic PF

Question 12

what may cause premature heel rise at the ankle during MSt

Answer 12

tight PF
joint contracture

Question 13

what may cause excessive DF at the ankle during MSt

Answer 13

severely weak PF
secondary to excessive knee/hip flexion

Question 14

what might cause compensatory vaulting at the ankle during MSt

Answer 14

compensate for lack of flexion of C/L limb

Question 15

what phases of gait might you see excessive EV or IV at the ankle?

Answer 15

IC, LR, MSt, TSt, PSw

Question 16

what could cause Excessive or premature heel rise during TSt?

Answer 16

tight PF or joint contracture

Question 17

what might cause insufficient heel rise or no heel rise during TSt?

Answer 17

weak or paralyzed PF

Question 18

what 2 impairments might you see in the toes during TSt

Answer 18

insufficient toe ext and clawed toes

Question 19

what 2 phases of gait will insufficient toe ext or clawed toes cause a problem?

Answer 19

TSt and PSw

Question 20

what could cause insufficient toe extension

Answer 20

contracture or forefoot pain
spastic toe flexors

Question 21

what could cause clawed toes?

Answer 21

spastic toe flexors
compensatory for weak PF

Question 22

why might you see foot drop during ISw, MSw, TSw

Answer 22

weak or paralyzed PF
PF contracture or hypertonicity
excessive inverted foot

Question 23

what is the most likely deviation you will see at the knee during IC

Answer 23

knee extensor thrust

Question 24

what are 3 causes of knee extensor thrust

Answer 24

spastic quads
severely weak quads
compensation for PF contracture (forefoot or flat foot contact)

Question 25

if a pt has an unstable knee (that might collapse during LR) how might they compensate? why?

Answer 25

knee hyperextension and anterior trunk lean - to bring the GRF closer to the joint

Question 26

what would cause a collapse or unstable knee during LR?

Answer 26

weak quads impaired proprioception

Question 27

what could cause knee hyperextension at LR

Answer 27

weak quads spastic quads knee pain compensation for PF contracture

Question 28

what 2 deviations might you see at the knee during MSt

Answer 28

excessive knee flexion hyperextension

Question 29

what 3 things could cause excessive knee flexion during MSt

Answer 29

knee flexion contracture spastic hamstring compensate for PF weakness of HF contracture

Question 30

why might you see hyperextension at the knee during MSt

Answer 30

to compensate for lack of tibia forward progression

Question 31

what 3 deviations might you see at the knee during all swing phases

Answer 31

insufficient or absent knee flexion excessive knee flexion insufficient knee extension AT TSw

Question 32

what could cause insufficient or absent knee flexion during swing?

Answer 32

spastic knee extensors knee ext contracture knee pain insufficient limb advancement caused by hip

Question 33

what would cause excessive knee flexion during swing

Answer 33

to compensate for reduced DF

Question 34

what would cause insufficient knee ext at TSw

Answer 34

weak quads hamstring contracture

Question 35

what is the most common deviation you will see at the hip during IC and LR? what compensation will it lead to?

Answer 35

limited HF - compensatory posterior trunk lean/lurch

Question 36

what causes limited HF at IC and LR

Answer 36

weak or paralyzed Gmax

Question 37

what 3 deviations might you see at the hip during MSt

Answer 37

pelvic drop (Trendelenburg gait) Compensatory lateral trunk lean excessive hip flexion

Question 38

what causes pelvic drop during MSt

Answer 38

weak Gmed hip pain

Question 39

what would cause excessive hip flexion during MSt

Answer 39

HF contracture

Question 40

what 2 deviations might you see at the hip during TSt

Answer 40

anterior pelvic tilt trunk forward lean

Question 41

an anterior pelvic tilt during TSt would lead to what compensation? what causes it?

Answer 41

lumbar hyperlordosis caused by - HF contracture

Question 42

what would cause a trunk forward lean during TSt

Answer 42

hip pain - HF contracture > 15 deg

Question 43

what are 3 common deviations you might see at the hip during swing phase

Answer 43

posterior trunk lean and SB to stance leg hip circumduction/hiking excessive hip flexion

Question 44

why would you see a posterior trunk lean during swing phase

Answer 44

HF weakness to bring the GRF closer to the hip joint

Question 45

what 3 reasons might you see hip circumduction during swing?

Answer 45

HF weakness stiff/contracture in knee lack of DF

Question 46

why might you see excessive HF during swing phase

Answer 46

compensate for weak DF