Normal Human Gait

Question 1

What 3 accomplishments occur during IC and LR?

Answer 1

forward progression
stability
shock absorption

Question 2

what 2 accomplishments occur during MSt and TSt

Answer 2

stability and forward progression

Question 3

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- IC

Answer 3

heel first contact

Question 4

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- LR

Answer 4

hip stability
controlled knee flexion and ankle PF
Heel rocker

Question 5

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- MSt

Answer 5

controlled tibial advacement
ankle rocker

Question 6

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- TSt

Answer 6

controlled ankle DF w/ heel rise of the trailing limb
forefoot rocker

Question 7

what 2 accomplishments occur during all swing phase?

Answer 7

foot clearance and limb advancement

Question 8

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- PSw

Answer 8

passive knee flexion and PF
period of relaxation

Question 9

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- ISw

Answer 9

hip flexion helps w/ knee flexion

Question 10

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- MSw

Answer 10

further hip flexion and ankle to neutral

Question 11

What is the critical event(s) that occurs during:
- TSw

Answer 11

knee extension to neutral to prepare for IC

Question 12

what joint position should the hip be at IC

Answer 12

20-30 deg flexion
5 deg pelvic rotation and anterior tilt

Question 13

where should the GRF be at the hip during IC?
what moment does it create?

Answer 13

anterior
flexion moment

Question 14

what key muscles are active at the hip during IC?
Why?

Answer 14

hip extensors - to counterbalance the flexion moment from the GRF

Question 15

what is the joint position of the hip during LR

Answer 15

20 deg flexion
5 deg pelvis forward rotation and anterior tilt

Question 16

where is the GRF at the hip during LR

Answer 16

thru the joint

Question 17

what key muscles are active at the hip during LR?
why?

Answer 17

extensors reduce activity - GRF is no longer anterior to hip
ABD activity increases - allow for stabilization of the pelvis as the body accepts load

Question 18

what position is the hip during MSt

Answer 18

moves from neutral to extension
pelvis is neutral

Question 19

where is the GRF at the hip during MSt

Answer 19

posterior/thru and medial

Question 20

what muscles are active at the hip during MSt?

Answer 20

extensors are quiet - GRF thru the joint
isometric contraction of hip ABD

Question 21

what type of stability is achieved at the hip during MSt

Answer 21

M-L stability

Question 22

what joint position is the hip in during TSt

Answer 22

10-20 deg EXTENSION
5 deg pelvic backward rotation

Question 23

where is the GRF at the hip during TSt

Answer 23

thru the joint

Question 24

what muscles are active at the hip during TSt?

Answer 24

none

Question 25

what is the joint position of the hip in PSw

Answer 25

20 deg ext to 10 deg ext

Question 26

where is the GRF at the hip during PSw

Answer 26

posterior - creating an extension moment

Question 27

what muscles are active at the hip during PSw

Answer 27

iliacus and hip ABD

Question 28

what is the joint position of the hip at ISw

Answer 28

15-20 deg flexion 5 deg pelvic backward rotation

Question 29

what muscles are active at the hip during ISw

Answer 29

concentric hip flexor

Question 30

where is the GRF for any joint during swing phase?

Answer 30

no GRF --> in swing phase

Question 31

where is the joint position of the hip during MSw

Answer 31

25-30 deg flexion neutral pelvis

Question 32

what muscles are active at the hip during MSw

Answer 32

concentric hip flexor

Question 33

what is the joint position of the hip during TSw

Answer 33

20-30 deg flexion 5 deg pelvic forward rotation

Question 34

what m are active at the hip during TSw

Answer 34

ECC contraction of the hamstrings

Question 35

what is the position of the knee during IC

Answer 35

neutral - slight flexion

Question 36

where is the GRF at the knee during IC

Answer 36

anterior - creating an extension moment

Question 37

what muscles are active at the knee during IC

Answer 37

slight hams at beginning - turn off quick quads on to prepare for LR

Question 38

what is the joint position of the knee during LR

Answer 38

15 deg flexion

Question 39

where is the GRF at the knee during LR

Answer 39

posterior

Question 40

what muscles are active at the knee during LR

Answer 40

ECC contraction of quads - counterbalance flexion moment of GRF

Question 41

what joint position of the knee during MSt

Answer 41

slight flexion - neutral

Question 42

where is the GRF at the knee during MSt

Answer 42

almost thru the joint

Question 43

what m are active at the knee during MSt

Answer 43

quad activity decreases - m activity is almost quiet

Question 44

what is the joint position of the knee during TSt

Answer 44

neutral

Question 45

where is the GRF at the knee during TSt

Answer 45

thru the joint

Question 46

what m are active at the knee during TSt

Answer 46

none- GRF is thru the knee

Question 47

what is the joint position of the knee during PSw

Answer 47

40 deg of rapid flexion

Question 48

where is the GRF at the knee during PSw

Answer 48

posterior - creating flexion moment

Question 49

what m are active at the knee during PSw

Answer 49

none - GRF helps to unlock the knee

Question 50

what is the joint position of the knee during ISw

Answer 50

60 deg flexion

Question 51

what m are active at the knee during ISw

Answer 51

short head of biceps femoris, sartorius, gracilis

Question 52

what is the joint position of the knee during MSw

Answer 52

25 deg flexion

Question 53

what m are active at the knee during MSw

Answer 53

knee flexors - RELAX begin ECC contraction of hams as the knee moves into ext.

Question 54

what is the joint position of the knee during TSw

Answer 54

neutral

Question 55

what muscles are active at the knee during TSw

Answer 55

concentric quads ECC hams - prevent hyperextension

Question 56

what is the JP of the ankle during IC

Answer 56

neutral

Question 57

what muscles are active at the ankle during IC

Answer 57

isometric contractions of the pretibial m to counterbalance the PF GRF

Question 58

where is the GRF at the ankle during IC

Answer 58

posterior - creating a PF moment

Question 59

what JP is the ankle in during LR

Answer 59

controlled drop to 10 deg PF

Question 60

what m are active at the ankle during LR

Answer 60

ECC contraction of pretibials

Question 61

Where is the GRF at the ankle during LR

Answer 61

still posterior - creating the PF moment

Question 62

what JP is the ankle in during MSt

Answer 62

from PF to slight DF

Question 63

what m are active at the ankle during MSt

Answer 63

ECC contraction of PF (soleus) to counterbalance falling forward motion

Question 64

where is the GRF at the ankle during MSt

Answer 64

anterior

Question 65

what JP is the ankle in during Tst

Answer 65

10 def DF

Question 66

what m are active at the ankle during TSt

Answer 66

greatest activity of PF moves from ECC to concentric for toe off at PSw

Question 67

what JP is the ankle in at PSw

Answer 67

15-20 deg PF

Question 68

what m are active at the ankle during PSw

Answer 68

none at the ankle due to small anterior GRF

Question 69

what JP is the ankle in during ISw

Answer 69

moving from PF to neutral

Question 70

what m are active at the ankle during ISw

Answer 70

CONC contraction of pretibials

Question 71

what JP is the ankle in during MSw

Answer 71

neutral - tibia is almost vertical to floor

Question 72

what m are active at the ankle during MSw

Answer 72

isometric contraction of pretibials

Question 73

what JP is the ankle in during TSw

Answer 73

neutral

Question 74

what m are active at the ankle during TSw

Answer 74

isometric contraction of pretibials

Question 75

what JP is the foot in during IC

Answer 75

ST = neutral MT = neutral MTP = EXT

Question 76

where is the GRF at the foot during IC

Answer 76

lateral to joint center (slightly)

Question 77

what m are active at the foot during IC

Answer 77

invertors EXT hallicis longus Ext digitorum longus

Question 78

what JP is the foot in during LR

Answer 78

ST = slight EV MT = decrease of medial arch MTP = neutral

Question 79

what m are active at the foot during LR

Answer 79

tib post and anterior toe extensors

Question 80

what JP is the foot in during MSt

Answer 80

ST = into less EV from LR MT = medial arch drops MTP = neutral

Question 81

what JP is the foot in during TSt

Answer 81

ST = into slight IV MT = foot arch restores MTP = extension

Question 82

What m are active at the foot during TSt

Answer 82

evertors and intrinsics

Question 83

what JP is the foot in during PSw

Answer 83

ST and MT = neutral MTP = extension 60 deg

Question 84

what m are active at the foot during PSw

Answer 84

intrinsics