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Vituity Scribe > Common Medical Conditions > Flashcards

Common Medical Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

atherosclerosis

A

condition in which plaque builds up on the walls of the blood vessels; worsened by a diet high in cholesterol

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2
Q

coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries (and thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

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3
Q

acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

term used to describe sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if left untreated

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4
Q

angina

A

chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle

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5
Q

unstable angina

A

condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is partially blocked causing chest pain

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6
Q

myocardial infarction (MI)

A

condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly completely blocked, this results in muscle death (heart attack)

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7
Q

ST elevation myocardial infarction (stemi)

A

sudden blockage of coronary artery with EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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8
Q

Non-stemi

A

sudden blockage of coronary artery without EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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9
Q

cardiac dysrhythmia

A

abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of the heart

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10
Q

supraventricular tachycardia (SVT)

A

abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node

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11
Q

atrial fibrillation (a-fib)

A

irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the artira

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12
Q

ventricular tachycardia

A

abnormal heart rhythm that arises from improper electrical conduction in the ventricles

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13
Q

congestive heart failure (chf)

A

condition in which the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body’s needs, resulting in build-up of fluid in the extremities and/or lungs

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14
Q

hypertension (htn)

A

high blood pressure

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15
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

high lipid levels

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16
Q

hypercholesterolemia

A

high cholesterol levels

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17
Q

upper respiratory infection (uri)

A

infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses, known as the common cold

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18
Q

influenza

A

infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses, known as a flu

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19
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

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20
Q

pneumonia

A

inflammation/infection of one or both lungs

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21
Q

pleural effusion

A

excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

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22
Q

empyema

A

presence of pus in the body cavity

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23
Q

pneumothorax (ptx)

A

abnormal collection of air in the pleural space which can cause all or part of the lung to collapse

24
Q

hemothorax (htx)

A

abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity

25
Q

asthma

A

chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucous production and airway narrowing

26
Q

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd)

A

chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in the lungs and is not fully reversible; this is often associated with years of smoking

27
Q

pulmonary embolism (pe)

A

blood clot in one or more of the pulmonary arteries

28
Q

deep venous thrombosis (dvt)

A

a blood clot in the deep venous system of the arms or legs which can break off and cause a PE (not a respiratory system disease)

29
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of appendix; generally caused by an infection

30
Q

gastritis

A

inflammation of lining of the stomach

31
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (gerd)

A

acid reflux, aka heartburn

32
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation/infection of the stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

33
Q

biliary colic

A

pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing the bile flow

34
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation/infection of the gallbladder

35
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of stones in the gallbladder

36
Q

choledocholithiasis

A

gallstones that become stuck in the gallbladder

37
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

38
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver

39
Q

cirrhosis

A

liver disease; chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

40
Q

ascites

A

fluid in the peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver cirrhosis or tumors

41
Q

small bowel obstruction (sbo)

A

blockage in the intestinal tract

42
Q

diverticulosis

A

finger-like projections in the large intestine called diverticuli

43
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation/infection of the diverticuli requiring antibiotic treatment

44
Q

gastrointestinal bleed (gi bleed)

A

bleeding in the upper or lower GI tract

45
Q

hemorrhoids

A

swollen veins in the lower rectum

46
Q

cerebrovascular accident (cva)

A

a stroke- two types exist, hemorrhagic and ischemic

47
Q

ischemic cva

A

a stroke caused by a sudden blockage of a blood vessel in the brain

48
Q

hemorrhagic cva

A

stroke caused by sudden bleeding in the brain

49
Q

subarachnoid hemorrhage (sah)

A

bleeding within the subarachnoid space, an area between brain and thin tissues that cover the brain; usually caused by a ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM

50
Q

transient ischemic attack (tia)

A

stroke-like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours

51
Q

bell’s palsy

A

paralysis of the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7), causing muscular weakness to one side of the face, can be confused with a stroke

52
Q

seizure

A

uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that may cause physical convulsions

53
Q

pseudoseizure

A

psychogenic nonepileptic seizure that can be either organic or psychogenic (fake seizures for attention)

54
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord; most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection

55
Q

encephalitis

A

inflammation of brain tissue, usually caused by infection

Vituity Scribe (5 decks)

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