The Physical Exam Flashcards
(157 cards)
1
Q
somnolent
A
general; drowsy or sleepy disposition
2
Q
cachectic/emaciated
A
general; physically wasting (extremely thin)
3
Q
morbidly obese
A
general; large body mass index (BMI)
4
Q
nontoxic appearing
A
general; well-appearing patient in minimal distress (often used for pediatric patients)
5
Q
normocephalic
A
head; normal appearance and size of head
6
Q
atraumatic
A
head; no signs of trauma present
7
Q
cyanosis*
A
skin; bluish discoloration of the skin due to lack of oxygen
8
Q
pallor
A
skin; an unhealthy paleness of the skin
9
Q
erythema
A
skin; superficial reddening of the skin
10
Q
jaundice
A
skin; yellowing of the skin due to abnormal bilirubin build-up
11
Q
abrasion
A
skin; superficial wound to the top most layer of the skin
12
Q
contusion
A
skin; a region of the skin in which blood capillaries are ruptures, aka bruise
13
Q
ecchymosis
A
skin; an area of ruptured blood vessels similar to a contusion; aka a bruise
14
Q
laceration*
A
skin; a cut in the skin
15
Q
puncture
A
skin; a small hole in the skin
16
Q
wheal
A
round, localized area of edema on the skin
17
Q
wheal-and-flare
A
skin; a reaction of rash or hives (irregular, blanch raised areas with redness)
18
Q
urticaria
A
skin; hives or wheals which are either redder or paler than the surrounding area and are often accompanied by itching
19
Q
maculopapular
A
skin; rash or hives (flat red area covered with small confluent bumps)
20
Q
pustules
A
skin; small collection of pus under the skin
21
Q
bullae
A
skin; fluid-filled blisters
22
Q
petechiae
A
skin; a small round flat dark-red spot caused by bleeding into the skin or beneath the mucus membrane
23
Q
purpura
A
skin; purple spots or blotches (don’t turn white when pressed)
24
Q
induration
A
skin; a hardened area of normally soft tissue
25
fluctuance
skin; movable and compressible
26
hemangioma
skin; a benign tumor consisting of blood vessels
27
cornea
eyes; the transparent coat of the eyeball that covers the iris and pupil; lets light into the eye
28
sclera
eyes; dense fibrous opaque outer coat enclosing the eyeball, except the part covered by cornea
29
conjunctiva
eyes; white area of the eyes
30
icterus
eyes; yellowing of sclera due to bilirubin build-up (often seen with jaundice)
31
subconjunctival hemorrhage
eyes; bright red patches in the conjunctiva of eyes due to ruptured blood vessels
32
extraocular movements intacts (EOMI)
eyes; appropriate function of the extraocular muscles, tested with "follow my finger"
33
pupils equal, round, and reactive to light (PERRL)
eyes: normal evaluation of the size, shape of the pupils and their reaction to light
34
papilledema
eyes; swelling of the optic disk due to an increase in intracranial pressure
35
fundi sharp
eyes; non-swollen optic nerve on exam of fundus (back of eye) with opthalmoscope
36
visual acuity
eyes; acuteness/sharpness of vision as measured by the eye chart
37
eyelid eversion
eyes; flipping of the eyelid for exam underneath eyelid
38
normal palpebral conjunctiva
eye membrane is clear
39
exophthalmos
eyes; eyes bulging out of socket
40
nystagmus
eye; involuntary rapid eye movements-often reported as horizontal, vertical, or rotary
41
erythema of the external canal
ears; redness of the outer ear canal
42
cerumen impaction
ears; excessive earwax
43
tympanic membrane (TM)
ears; eardrum
44
erythematous TM
ears; red color of the TM
45
bulging TM
ears; protruding/outward curvature of the TM
46
retracted TM
ears; inward curve of the TM
47
poor light reflect
ears; cone of light does not reflect on TM
48
unable to visualize landmarks
provider cannot see landmarks behind TM
49
hemotypanum
ears; blood on the TM
50
mastoid tenderness
ears; tenderness over mastoid bone (located posterior to ear)
51
clear rhinorrhea
nose; clear nasal drainage
52
septal deviation
nose; displacement of nasal septum
53
septal hematoma
nose; bruising or bleeding in the nasal septum
54
dry mucous membranes
mouth; dry mouth
55
tongue laceration
mouth; cut on the tongue
56
no signs of oral trauma
mouth; no cuts/chipped teeth, etc
57
dental caries
mouth; cavity
58
poor dentition
mouth; bad teeth
59
pericoronitis
mouth; infection of the gums
60
parotid mass
mouth; enlargement of the parotid gland
61
trismus
mouth; inability to open mouth normally due to spasm of the jaw muscles
62
normal jaw approximation
mouth; normal jaw alignment
63
malocclusion
mouth; misalignment of the teeth when mouth closed
64
uvula midline
throat; no deviation of the uvula to one side or another
65
pharyngeal erythema
throat; redness of the throat
66
pharyngeal exudate
throat; pus seen on the posterior throat
67
peritonsilar abscess
throat; deep abscess adjacent to infected tonsils (collection of pus/swelling which is usually only visible if drained)
68
carotid bruit
neck; abnormal flow of blood through the carotid artery
69
jugular vein distension (JVD)
neck; swelling of the jugular vein (usually seen in heart failure patients)
70
cervical vertebral tenderness
neck; pain along the cervical spine
71
no step offs or crepitus
neck; no misalignment of the vertebral bodies (spinous processes) as the spine is palpated
72
anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
swollen lymph nodes under jaw and along anterior neck area
73
trachea midline
neck; no deviation of trachea from its usual location
74
meningismus
neck; patient has stiff neck, photophobia, and headache which may suggest meningitis
75
nuchal rigidity
neck; neck stiffness with neck movement
76
bradycardia*
heart; slow heart rate; less than 60 bpm
77
tachycardia*
heart; fast heart rate; faster than 100 bpm
78
murmur
heart; an abnormal sound heard when listening to the heart
79
systolic murmur
heart; heart murmur heard during systole (active pumping)
80
diastolic murmur
heart; heart murmur heard during diastole (rest/active filling)
81
distant heart sounds
heart; faint-sounding heart beat
82
rubs
heart; coarse sounds produced when the heart "rubs" on inflamed pericardium (heart tissue) during contractions
83
gallops
heart; extra/abnormal heart sounds (should only hear 2 distinct sounds, but your hear 3 or 4 sounds)
84
bradypnea
respiratory; abnormally slow breathing
85
tachypnea
respiratory; abnormally rapid breathing
86
apnea*
respiratory; temporary absence or cessation of breathing
87
prolonged inspiratory expiratory phase
respiratory; increased time between inspiratory and expiratory phases
88
rales
respiratory; wet, crackling sound with respirations (aka crackles)
89
rhonchi
respiratory; a whistling or snoring sound heard on auscultation oof the chest when air channels are partially obstructed; plural of rhonchus
90
wheezes
respiratory; difficult breathing with a whistling sound resulting from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageways
91
stridor
respiratory; harsh or high-pitched respiratory sound, caused by an obstruction of the air passages
92
intercostal retractions
respiratory; use of intercostal muscles with breathing (indicated severe respiratory distress/work of breathing) - sunken intercostal muscles (can see ribs)
93
accessory muscle use
respiratory; using extra muscles to breath (you can usually see an emphasis on use of diaphragm and intercostal muscle)
94
costovertebral angle tenderness (CVAT)
back; angle in back where kidneys are (HCP taps); left and right and bilateral, if pain then possible kidney pathology
95
paraspinal muscle tenderness
back; tenderness in muscles adjacent to spine
96
midline tenderness
back; tenderness directly over spine
97
no step offs
back; no misalignment of thoracic/lumbar spine
98
straight leg raise
back; if pain, indicative of herniated disk
99
saddle anesthesia
back; loss of sensation around buttocks area
100
distention
abdomen; bloating
101
gravid*
abdomen; pregnant
102
ascites
abdomen; accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity
103
tympanitic
abdomen; sound generated by examiner tapping his/her finger in contact with they belly distended due to extra gas/air in the large or small bowel
104
organomegaly
abdomen; enlarged organ
105
hepatomegaly
abdomen; enlarged liver
106
splenomegaly
abdomen; enlarged spleen
107
murphy's sign
abdomen; pain the the RUQ that may indicate gallbladder infection
108
rovsing's sign
abdomen; palpation of the LLQ causes RLQ pain that may indicate appendicitis
109
psoas sign
abdomen; pain produced with bending of the patient's knees to chest that may indicate appendicitis
110
heel tap test
abdomen; tap the heel to see if it causes pain, also done by having the patient jump to see of the pain is felt in the abdomen, indicates appendicitis
111
mcburney's point tenderness
abdomen; tenderness to palpitation in the mid-point of the RLQ which can indicate appendicitis
112
umbilical hernia
abdomen; outward protrusion of the intra-abdominal tissue and.or bowel through belly button
113
grey turner's sign
abdomen; bruising in flank area (lower back area)
114
cullen's sign
abdomen; bruising in the skin around the umbilicus
115
inguinal hernia
genital; protrusion in the groin
116
cremasteric reflex
genital; upward pull of testicles and scrotum due to touch
117
paraphymosis
genital; inability to pull back the foreskin back over the glans penis to its normal position
118
guaiac (hemoccult) positive/negative
rectal; blood present/absent in stool
119
rectal tone
rectal; tone of rectal muscles during digital exam
120
melena*
rectal; dark tarry-like stool containing blood
121
cervical motion tenderness (CMT)
pelvic; pain with movement of cervix
122
adnexal tenderness
pelvic; tenderness in location of the ovaries and fallopian tubes
123
os open/closed
pelvic; cervical os is open or closed
124
vaginal vault
pelvic; vaginal cancal
125
POC
pelvic; product of conception (fetus, placenta, etc)
126
clubbing
extremities; deformity of finger/fingernails due to chronic cyanosis
127
snuff box tenderness
extremities; pain in certain area of the wrist indicating a possible scaphoid bone fracture
128
median/ulnar/radial sensory function
extremities; all these nerves run in the forearm, tested in the hand exam
129
pain out of proportion
extremities; excessive pain not matching the expected with pressure applied by the doctor
130
valgus/varus stress test
extremities; evaluation for knee instability
131
homan's sign
extremities; pain in calf or popliteal region
132
pitting edema
extremities; persistent indentation of an area of skin when pressed on by the provider due to excessive edema
133
aka/bka
extremities; above/below knee amputation
134
ligamentous laxity
extremities; loose ligaments
135
mcmurray's test
extremities; rotation of the knee causes pain
136
lachman's test
extremities; pivot shift test causes pain
137
bursa
extremities; small fluid filled sack surrounding a joint
138
aphasia
neuro; loss of ability to express or understand speech
139
dysphasia
neuro; having a difficult time finding what words to say
140
dysarthria
neuro; difficult time communicating or articulation (slurred speech)
141
purposeful movements
neuro; patient moves upon painful stimulation
142
glasgow coma scale (gcs)
neuro; scoring system used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following traumatic brain injury
143
localizes to pain
neuro; withdraws extremity where painful stimulation is applied
144
grip strength
neuro; tested usually by patient gripping HCP's fingers
145
pronator drip
neuro; holds palms out upwards and look for movement of palms (rotation)
146
dysmetria
neuro; finger to nose exam
147
dysdiadochokinesia
neuro; inability to perform rapid alternating movements
148
ataxic gait
neuro; walking abnormally and/or unsteadily
149
heel to shin test
neuro; test for coordination
150
romberg's test
neuro; patient stands up with feet together and arms out to see if they can balance
151
heel toe gait
neuro; tests the stability of a patient's leg gait
152
babinski sign
neuro; a reflex when swiping the sole of the foot to see if the big toe flexes up
153
reflexes
neuro; involuntary/instantaneous movement
154
affect
psych; observed emotional state of a person
155
orientation
psych; orientation to person, place, time, and event ( AxOx4)
156
hallucinations
psych; an experience involving the apparent perception of something not present
157
suicidal/homicidal ideation
psych; thoughts of suicide or thoughts of homicide
