common neurological conditions lecture

Question 1

4 most common

Answer 1

migraine
parkinsons
epilepsy
MS

Question 2

common migraine

Answer 2

no aura

Question 3

fx of migraine

Answer 3

aura
sx of 20m to 60m - nil else gives a set of symtoms for this duration
movement exacerbates
photophobia
phonophobia
hyperosmia
nausea - relief versus anti-emetics
allodynia - pain due to stimulus that does not normally provoke pain

Question 4

types of aura

Answer 4

zigzag strcutre
negative scotoma
positive scotoma
loss vision one sided

Question 5

hemiplegic migraine

Answer 5

aura - hem sensory loss or weakness - start in face
headache often mild and ipsilateral to sx
may be familial

Question 6

tx of acute migraine attack

Answer 6

aspirin 600-900mg
anti emetic
NSAID - ibruprofne and nurofen
triptans

Question 7

triptans

Answer 7

agonist 5

Question 8

prophylactic

Answer 8

proranolol - non slective if cardioselective horrifc
tricyclics
valporate
verapamil
candesartan
pizotifen
GONI - greater occipital nerve injections
topomax - topiramate - 2nd line in formula - can cause anorexia and contraindicated in glaucoma - not in child bearing age women
Bonta - botoz
anti- CGRP antagonists - end pathway of migraine blockade - can get constipated

Question 9

botox in what nerve as tx for migraine

Answer 9

greater and lesser occipital nerve

Question 10

parkinson disease

Answer 10

substantia nigral dopaminergic neuronal loss

Question 11

non motor sx of parkinsons

Answer 11

depressions , constipation, sleep disturbances and olfactory dysfunction

Question 12

bradykinesia

Answer 12

lose the amplitude of the action - movement becomes slower and and smaller.

Question 13

expyramidial rigidity

Answer 13

cogwheel rigidity

Question 14

tx parkinsons

Answer 14

physcial activity

Question 15

l dopa side effects

Answer 15

psychiatric sx linked to depression
N&V
prolonged use can cause wearing off effect

Question 16

2nd most common cause parkinsons

Answer 16

vascular induced
lower limb predominant
bilateral

Question 17

epilepsy

Answer 17

at least 2 unprovoked seizures cocuring more than 24hr apart

Question 18

seizures

Answer 18

little spike in neutrophils but no sign of fever or CRP - stress response

other one is subarachnoid haemorrhage

Question 19

drug causes of seziure

Answer 19

tramadol
ciprofloxacin
neurleptics

Question 20

ix epilepsy

Answer 20

haemo
biochem
uande ca
CXR
eeg
neuroimaging
ECG

Question 21

only drug that treats epilspsy

Answer 21

tacrolimus

Question 22

all other drugs are anti-seizure meds - ASMs such as

Answer 22

lamotrigine
levetriacetem
topiraamte
perampanel

Question 23

side effect of kepra

Answer 23

mood changes such as bad tempered and then old increased OCD features

Question 24

rescue therpay

Answer 24

buccal midazzolam

Question 25

MS relapse remiting

Answer 25

younger people

primary progressive - older pts - bladder and bowel disturbance - all below the waste not normally involving optic nerve