Common Pediatric Problems Flashcards
(58 cards)
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Pneumonia
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URTI
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Croup
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Asthma
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Sinusitis
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Tuberculosis
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Foreign Body
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Cystic fibrosis
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Bronchitis
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Pertussis
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Pharyngitis/otitis media
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Peritonsillar and retropharyngeal abscess
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Gastroenteritis
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Appendicitis
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Hepatitis
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GE reflux disease
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Pyloris stenosis
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Constipation
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Intussusception
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Volvulus/malrotation
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IBD
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Failure to Thrive
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UTI
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23
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Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
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24
Dehydration
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25
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
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Nephritis and Nephrosis
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Nephrolithiasis
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Roseola
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Bacteremia
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Cellulitis
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31
Orbital/periorbital cellulitis
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32
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, varicella, fifth disease)
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Meningitis/Encephalitis
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Osteomyelitis
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Septic arthritis
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Infectious Mononucleosis
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Cervical adenitis
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HIV
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Impetigo
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Atopic dermatitis
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Scabies
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Urticaria
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43
Erythema multiforme
Etiology: multifactorial => infection (90%, viral (HSV), bacteria (mycoplasma pneumoniae), fungal), medication(NSAIDs, sulfonamides, antiepileptics, ABx), autoimmune, malignancy, immunizations, radiation, sarcoid
Hx: may have had prodromal Sx, lesions appear over the course of 3-5 days and resolve within 2 weeks, may experience itching and burning but usually asymptomatic; ask about HSV, new Rx etc.
Px: target lesions with dusky central blister, dark red inflammatory zone and pale ring of edema; symmetrical distribution on extensor surfaces of the periphery and spread inwards; may have mucosal erosiosn; can do skin biopsy and serologic testing
DDx: urticaria, Steven-Johnson syndrome, fixed drug eruption, pemphigoid
Management: mild disease => address pain and pruritis with topical corticosteroids and oral antihistamines, or Maalox mouthwash if mucosal lesions; severe oral mucosal involvement=> systemic glucocorticoid therapy (prednisone 40-60mg/day over 2-4 weeks); ocular involvement => refer to ophthalmologist
44
Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)
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Congenital hip dislocation
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Reactive synovitis
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Osgood-Schlatter disease (aka tibial tuberosity avulsion)
Etiology: osterochondritis of the tibial tubercle, overuse injury caused by repetitive strain and chronic avulsion of the secondary ossification center of the tibial tubercle and separation of the proximal patellar tendon insertion => callous formed during healing
Hx: usually in 11-12 yo girls and 13-14 yo boys who have undergone rapid growth spurt, anterior knee pain that increased gradually with time, exacerbated by running, jumping, kneeling, squatting etc, and relieved with rest
Px: usually asymmetric, tenderness and soft tissue or bony prominence of tibial tubercle, pain when resisting extension of the knee, stressing quads and squatting, straight leg raising should be painless
DDx: stress fracture of proximal tibia, quad tendon avulsion, peripatellar tendinopathy, avulsion fracture of tibial tubercle, inflammation of synovial folds, bone tumours, subacute osteomyelitis,
Management: Sx usually resolve in 6-18months once growth plate has ossified, control pain and swelling (NSAIDs, ice 30min BID), continue activity ("playing with pain is permitted"), physical Tx (strengthen quads, stretch hamstrings)
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Legg-Calve-Perthes disease
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Febrile seizures
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Headaches/migraines
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Seizure disorders
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Iron deficiency anemia
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Lead poisoning
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Sickle cell/thalessemias
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Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)
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Kawasaki
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Child abuse suspicion
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