Common postnatal problems Flashcards
What are some different kinds of birth marks?
Capillary haemangiomas Mongolian blue spots Port wine stains Stork marks Giant melanocytic naevi Cafe au lait spots
What are the main causes of jaundice in the first 24 hours of life?
Haemolytic
Sepsis
What are the main causes of jaundice from 24 hours to 2 weeks after birth?
Dehydration
Poor feeding
What are the main considerations in treating jaundice?
Treat underlying cause Hydrate Phototherapy Exchange transfusion Immunoglobulin
What is erythema toxicum?
Maculo-papular rash
30-70% of normal term neonates
Fades by end of 1st week
No treatment required
What are Mongolian blue spots?
Blue-grey pigmentation
Accumulation of melanocytes
Lower back and buttocks affected
What are stork marks?
Capillary vascular malformations
Commonly at back of neck or midline of face
Gradually fades within 2 years
What causes port wine stains?
Naevus flammeus
What causes stork marks?
Naevus simplex
What are port wine stains?
Dilated, mature capillaries in superficial dermis
Flat or slightly raised
Present at birth, do not regress
What are some syndromes associated with port wine stains?
Sturge Weber
Klippel-Trenaunay
What is strawberry naevus?
Cluster of dilated capillaries
Appears within the first month after birth
Raised and bright red with discrete edges, Occurring in any part of the body
Usually regress after 1 year
When are babies at risk of hypoglycaemia?
Premature Perinatal stress Diabetic mothers Hypothermia Sepsis
Why might bedside blood glucose measuring be inaccurate?
Low or high levels
Poor perfusion
Polycythaemia
How might hypoglycaemia present?
Jitteriness Temperature instability Lethargy Hypotonia Apnoea Poor feeding Vomiting High pitched or weak cry Seizures Asymptomatic
What can absent/weak femoral pulses indicate in a newborn?
Coarctation of the aorta
What are some tests which would be necessary in the presence of a cleft lip/palate?
Hearing screen
Cardiac echo
Genetic testing for trisomies and syndromes
Name 2 conditions which can be picked up when checking red reflex and treated if caught early?
Cataracts
Retinoblastoma
What could a spinal dimple mean?
Spina bifida oculta
What is a cephalohaematoma?
Localised, soft and non translucent swelling over one or both sides of head
Haemorrhage beneath pericranium
How do we manage cephalohaematoma?
Usually resolves in 3-4 weeks and no treatment required
What is a consequence of a very large cephalohaematoma?
Increased haemolysis results in increased or prolonged neonatal jaundice
Is cephalohaematoma associated with IC bleeding?
No
How can DDH be managed?
Relocate head of femur
Pavlik harness
Surgical reduction
