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Common Rx Flashcards

1
Q

Acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

Macrobid (nitrofurantoin) 100mg

S: 1 capsule p.o. BID x 5 days
M: 10 capsules

No refills. Take full dose.

OR cephalexin 250-500mg
S: take 1 four times a day x 5-7 days
M: 20 tablets

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2
Q

Acute otitis media

A

Watch and wait first 72 hours (tylenol and Advil)

Amoxicillin suspension 250/5mL
S: 90mg/kg/day, weight x = x mL po TID
M: total amount to dispense.

Take full dose.

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3
Q

Pharyngitis (aka sore throat) viral

A

Supportive care

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4
Q

Strep throat

A

Penicillin V 600mg po BID X 10 days

Or azithro/clarithro

CENTOR CRITERIA:
*Cough absent: 1 pt
*Exudate: 1pt
*Nodes (LAD anterior cervical): 1pt
*Temp > 38: 1 pt
*Age 3-14: 1 pt ; over 45 = -1pt

Complications of strep:
- PSGN
- rheumatic fever
- scarlet fever

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5
Q

Rhinitis

A

Viral, no abs
Saline irrigation, steam, decongestant

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6
Q

Laryngitis

A

Often acute is viral, can be from overuse

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7
Q

Sinusitis

A

Inflammation of the sinus cavity in face, get blocked and filled with fluid = pressure & pain. Caused by common cold virus usually (unless chronic sinusitis for 3 months, likely bacterial)

Supportive for 10d unless worsening by day 5-7

Amoxicillin 500-1000mg TID x 5 days
Or doxy

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8
Q

Acute bronchitis

A

*Mostly viral caused by same bugs as common cold AKA “chest cold”
*Irritation to the large airways in the lung (bronchi) that causes dry/wet cough
*self-limiting, cough may linger a month or so

Increase humidity and try anti tussive, consider inhaler if wheezing

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9
Q

Acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

A

Must have 2/3: increased sputum, purulence and SOB

amoxicillin 1g po TID x 5 days

Or doxy

Plus steroids, atrovenr and Saba, o2

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10
Q

Community acquired pneumonia outpatient

A

CURB 65 score
- confusion, urea > 7, RR > 30, BP < 90, 65+

Mild: Amoxicillin 1g po TID 3-5 days PLUS macrolide or doxy

If moderate try augmentin 875mg po BID 3-5 days

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11
Q

CAP hospitalised

A

Ceftriaxone 1g IV daily x 3-5 days

OR Azithro, clarithro OR Doxy OR Levo 750mg PO/IV 3-5 days

if MRSA suspected add Vanco or linezolid

if Pseudomonas suspected, do piptazo + azithro

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12
Q

Influenza post exposure prophylaxis vs. treatment

A

Px: Oseltamivir 75mg PO daily x 10 days

Tx: Oseltamivir 75mg PO BID x 5 days

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13
Q

TB treatment

A

RIPPE

Rifampin + Isoniazid + Pyrazinamide + Ethambutol + Pyridoxine (Vit B6)

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14
Q

Gastroenteritis treatment

A

Mild: fluids, pepto (2 x 262mg tabs chewed q30-60min), loperamide (anti-motility) 4mg PO x 1 dose and 2 mg after each loose stool (max 16mg/day for 2 days)

Severe: Ciprofloxacin - 500mg PO BID or Azithro

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15
Q

C-diff treatment

A

isolate with contact precautions

  • low risk: metronidazole oral or iV
  • high risk/severe: oral Vancomycin 125mg x 10 days
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16
Q

H. Pylori treatment

A

Quadruple therapy

PMAC
- PPI BID x 14 days
- Metronidazole 500mg PO BID
- Amoxicillin 1g PO BID
- Clarithromycin 500mg PO BID

OR P-BMT (PPI, Bismuth, metro, tetracycline)

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17
Q

Acute cholecystitis treatment

A

Ceftriaxone 1-2g IV daily x 4-7 days or Augmentin IV

Sepsis: Pip-tazo 4.5g IV q8h x 4-7 days

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18
Q

Acute pancreatitis treatment

A

No antibiotic therapy if non-infected/necrotic on CT scan

Complicated: Ceft + Metro OR Augmentin (if severe - pip tazo)

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19
Q

Diverticulitis treatment

A

acute uncomplicated: TMP/SMX + Metro or AUGMENTIN

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20
Q

Appendicitis treatment

A

Acute uncomplicated – empiric not recommended, surgical prophylaxis recommended

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21
Q

Secondary peritonitis d/t rupture, bowel perforation or abscess

A

low risk - ceft 1-2g IV daily + Metro 500mg q12h OR Augmentin

high risk - Pip tazo 4.5g IV q8h or Vanc

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22
Q

Asymptomatic bacturia treatment in pregnancy

A

We only treat prior to GU procedures and in pregnancy

Amoxicillin x 500mg PO TID x 5 days

or keflex 250-500mg PO QID x 5 days

or Macrobid 100mg PO BID x 5 days

or TMP/SMX 1 DS tab PO BID x 3 days

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23
Q

Cystitis in pregnancy treatment

A

Macrobid 100mg
S: Take 1 capsule PO BID x 7 days
M: 14

Keflex 250-500mg
S: Take 1 PO QID x 7 days
M: 28

TMP/SMX DS Tab
S: Take 1 tab PO BID x 7 days

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24
Q

recurrent cystitis treatment

A

> 3 episodes/year or >2 episodes/6 months

Pericoital prophylaxis:
- TMX/SMX 1 tab PO pericoitus
- Macrobid 100mg PO pre (use this for pregnancy)

Continuous prophylaxis:
- TMP/SMX 1 tab PO qhs (nightly at bedtime) or 3x/week x 6 months

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25
Uncomplicated pyelonephritis
outpatient initial parenteral dose - CEFT IM/IV single dose Oral therapy: - cefixime 7-10 days OR - augmenting 875mg po bid x 7-10days OR - cipro 500mg po BID x 7 days Pregnancy you stick with ceftriaxone IV x 7 days
26
Pericarditis
90% is viral which is self-limited
27
Sepsis
temp > 38.3 or <36 HR > 90 RR > 20 WBC > 12 or <4 Depends on source of sepsis - Urosepsis/pyelo - Resp - Intra-abdominal - Skin & Soft tissue (cefazolin - cellulitis) - CNS - Cardio - Unknown source (pip tazo + vanco) - Febrile Neutropenia - Catheter related blood infections Generally use ceftriaxone - for intra-abdominal add on metronidazole - any MRSA risk add Vanco - Complicated sepsis consider Pip-Tazo If septic shock: - imipenem or meropenem plus vanc
28
Diabetic foot ulcer treatment
Debridement & glycemic control Augmentin 875mg PO TID x 7-10 days
29
Pressure ulcers (infected)
Non-infected - cleanse, debride & dress Infected - Augmentin 875mg po BID x ?
30
Bites:
human bites prophylaxis within 12 hours - Augmentin 875mg po BID x 3-5 days same for cat and dog bites (within 12 hours)
31
Postpartum mastitis/abscess
Hot compress Keflex 500-1000mg PO QID x 7-10 days
32
Skin abscess/ cellulitis
Keflex 500-1000mg PO QID x 5 days Cefuroxime if penicillin allergy (or clindamycin)
33
Shingles treatment adults
Valacyclovir or acyclovir 800mg PO 5x/day x 7 days
34
Folliculitis treatment
hot compress + antiseptic cleaner mupirocin 2% TID topically max 7 days Hot tub folliculitis is self-limiting
35
Blepharitis
lid hygiene BID x 6 weeks - wash lid with baby shampoo, warm compress, margin massage, lash scrubs erythromycin 0.5% 1-4x daily for 1-2 weeks
36
Hordeolum (sty)
hot compress 10-15min QID until drains
37
Pink eye (viral conjunctivitis)
Red eyelid, burning, watery discharge Cold compress, lubricants, decongestants lasts 2-4 weeks very contagious first 2 weeks
38
Bacterial conjunctivitis
starts in one eye and spreads to other in 48 hours warm compress solution - gramicidin polymyxin B QID x 7 days OR tobramycin 0.3% QID x 7 days
39
Candida infection
Fluconazole 150mg x 1 dose or Clotrimazole cream intravaginally
40
Bacterial Vaginosis
Metronidazole 500mg PO BID x 7 days or clindamycin
41
Ținea cruris, ținea pedis (athletes foot), tina corporis (ring worm)
Clotrimazole 1% BID x 2-4 weeks
42
Onychomycosis
terbinafine
43
Trichomoniasis
Metronidazole 500mg po BID x 7 days
44
Gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone 250mg IM x 1 dose and azithromycin 1g PO x 1 dose no sex during and 7days after therapy
45
Chlamydia
Azithromycin 1g PO x 1 dose Or Doxy 100mg po BID x 7 days
46
Primary Syphilis
Benzathine penicillina 2.4 million units x 1 dose OR Doxycycline 100mg po BID x 14 days Late syphilis requires 3 doses of penicilliin
47
HPV
no treatment, will often resolve on own with time - repeat test
48
Levothyroxine therapeutic and max doses
therapeutic: 75 - 125 mcg max dose: 200 mcg/day *have to increase dose 30-50% for first trimester pregnancy (check this) *check dose every 4-6 weeks when adjusting *take on empty stomach, take 4 hours apart from calcium, iron, PPIs, soy
49
Asthma inhalers
Salbutamol - 2 puffs every 4-6 hours prn (can cause tremors and palps; max 8 puffs/day) Flovent (3 doses)- 1-2 puffs BID Pulmicort (3 doses) - 1-2 puffs BID Symbicort (100/6 and 200/6)- 1-2 puffs OD or BID + acts as reliever (1 puff) Advair (100/50, 250, 500)- 1 puff BID
50
Hydrocortisone
0.5-1% - low potency OTC for face or folds 2.5% - Rx (atopic dermatitis, contact dermatitis)
51
Ketoconazole/clotrimazole
52
Diabetes oral drugs
Metformin - start at 500mg (max dose 2g) *can cause GI upset - increase by 500mg weekly & take with meals *take B12 with this *monitor renal function SGLT2i (flozins) - CV renal protective DPP4i (gliptins) - weight neutral, low hypo risk Sulfonylureas - hypos & weight gain Thiazolidinediones (pioglitazone)
53
Diabetes injectables
54
IUDs
Jaydess 13.5mg LNG Kyleena 19.5mg LNG (smaller than Mirena, easier insertion) Liletta 52mg LNG Mirena 52mg LNG Copper
55
Combined oral contraceptive pills and progesterone only (POPs)
56
Depo provera and Nexplanon
57
Migraine prophylaxis
58
Seizure medications
59
Insomnia meds
Trazodone Zopiclone Melatonin
60
SSRIs, SNRIs, Bupropion
61
Acute pain
Acetaminophen Ibuprofen Cyclobenzaprine (muscle relax) Tramadol
62
Chronic pain
Gabapentin/pregabalin Duloxetine
63
Acetaminophen and ibuprofen
acetaminophen 325 - 650mg q4-6h prn (max dose 4g/day) ibuprofen - 200-400mg q4-6h prn (max 1200mg/day)
64
Common antibiotics for respiratory infections
Amoxicillin or augmentin Doxycycline Azithro/clarithro
65
Common antibiotics for urinary tract
Macrobid TMX/SX Fosfomycin
66
Skin infections common antibiotics
Keflex Clindamycin Mupirocin (topical)
67
Acne prescription
mild (open/closed comedones) - topical retinoid (0.025, 0.0375, 0.05, 0.1%) mild inflammatory papules/pustules- topical retinoid + benzyl peroxide --> add clindamycin or dapsone topical moderate/severe - oral tetracycline, oral spirono/OCP (females), oral isotretinoin - reassess at 3 months
68
HF meds
GDMT - ABSS - ace/arb/arni - beta blocker - spironolactone (25 - 100mg/day) - SGLT2 inhibitor - furosemide (therapeutic 20-80mg/day)
69
Statins
atorvastatin - start 10-20mg qd, max 80mg rosuvastatin - start 5-10mg qd, max 40mg pravastatin
70
ACE inhibitors/ARB dosage
Ramipril - start 2.5mg qd, max 20mg losartan - start 50mg qd, max 100mg
71
Amlodipine dosage
Start at 2.5 - 5mg, max dose 10mg/day
72
HCTZ dosage
start 12.5-25mg, max 50mg
73
Metoprolol dosage
25-50mg BID, max 450mg/day

FM Notes (6 decks)

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