Common Surgical Signs Flashcards
(171 cards)
1
Q
What is Cushing response?
A
Hypertension
Bradycardia
Irregular respiration
Alteration: BP, HR, RR
2
Q
Bilateral infection of the submandibular space (sublingual, submylohyoid, submaxillary space)
A
Ludwig angina
3
Q
Cushing response is seen in
A
Increased intracranial pressure (late sign)
4
Q
Ludwig angina is seen in
A
Infected 2nd-3rd mandibular molar teeth
5
Q
Bilateral black eyes
A
Racoon eyes
6
Q
Racoon eyes is seen in
A
Basal skull fractureq
7
Q
Beck triad involves
A
Neck vein engorgement
Muffled heart sounds
Hypotension
8
Q
Beck triad is seen in
A
Cardiac tamponade
9
Q
Facial congestion/cyanosis when arms are elevated over the head as they touch the face
Respiratory distress may also be seen
A
Pemberton sign
10
Q
Pemberton sign is seen in
A
Superior vena cava syndrome
11
Q
pain reflex contraction of the right hip joint
A
Arapov sign
12
Q
Arapov sign is seen in
A
Appendicitis
13
Q
Referred pain or feeling of distress in epigastrium or precordial region on continuous firm pressure over the Mc Burney point
A
Appendicitis
14
Q
Temporary abdominal wall rebound tenderness
A
Blumberg sign
15
Q
Shelf palpable on rectal or even vaginal examination
A
Blumer shelf
16
Q
Blumer shelf is seen in
A
Metastasis in the pouch of Douglas secondary to lung, pancreatic or gastric carcinoma
17
Q
Is a specific type of volvulus that occurs when the stomach twists on its mesentery
Atleast 180 degrees
Cause bowel obstruction
A
Gastric volvulus
18
Q
Classic triad of Borchardt
A
Severe sudden epigastric pain
Intractable retching without vomiting
Inability to pass a nasogastric tube
19
Q
Borchardt sign is seen in
A
Gastric volvulus
20
Q
Exacerbation of pain when the uterus is shifted to the right side
A
Bryan sign
21
Q
Bryan sign is seen in
A
AP in pregnancy
22
Q
Distended or engorged superficial epigastric veins radiating from the umbilicus
A
Caput medusae
23
Q
Caput medusae is seen in
A
Portal hypertension (liver cirrhosis)
24
Q
Positive carnett sign
A
Unremitting or increased abdominal pain when patient is asked to lift head
25
Negative carnett sign
Decreased abdominal pain when asked to lift head
26
Positive carnett sign suggests
Source of abdominal pain is in the abdominal wall
27
If negative Carnett sign
Source of abdominal pain is intraabdominal
28
Change of note from resonant to dull when an examiner percusses the area of the lowest intercostal space (eight or ninth) in the left anterior axillary line during full expiration and inspiration
Castell sign
29
Castell sign is seen in
Splenomegaly
30
Excruciating cervical motion tenderness upon cervical manipulation (pain so great that the patient reflexively reaches to grab the chandelier)
Pelvic inflammatory disease , ectopic pregnanc
31
Charcot triad
RUQ pai
Fever
Jaundice
32
Charcot triad is seen in
Cholangitis
33
Pus or fluid in external ear canal seen through otoscopyconducted ith the patient blowing against pinched nose
Angel sign
34
Angel sign can be seen in
Tympanic membrane perforation
35
Bruising over the mastoid process (mastoid ecchymosis)
Battle sign
36
Battle sign is seen in
Basal skull fractures
37
Absent or muffled carotid pulse
Berry sign
38
Berry sign is seen in
Advanced thyroid malignancy encasing carotid
39
Pus from mastoiditis escapes into the sternocleidomastoid muscle
Bezold abscess
40
Bezold abscess can be seen in
Mastoiditis
41
Blanching of purple-red middle ear mass with positive pressure during pneumatic otoscopy
Brown sign
42
Brown sign is seen in
Glomus tumor
43
Skin redness overlying the thyroid
Maroni sign
44
Maroni sign is seen in
Hyperthyroidism
45
Thinning or loss of the lateral part (outer third) of the eyebrow
Queen Anne sign
46
Queen Anne sign is seen in
Hypothyroidism
47
Disappearance of ipsilateral radial pulse when arm is outstretched and the patient looks to the side of the outstretched arm while holding his breath
Adson sign
48
Adson sign is seen in
Thoracic outlet syndrome
49
Crunching or rasping sound in synchrony with heartbeat heard over the precordium in the settig of air in the mediastinum (mediastinal emphysema)
Hamman sign
50
Hamman sign is seen in
Boerhaave syndrome
| Pneumomediastinum
51
Referred pain or feeling of distress in epigastrium or precordial region on continuous firm pressure over the mcburney point
Aaron sign
52
Aaron sign is seen in
Appendicitis
53
Constant dullness to percussion in left flank and shifting dullness (upon change in position) to percussion in the right flank
Ballance sign
54
Ballance sign is seen in
Splenic hematoma or rupture
55
Sharp pain upon pinching appendix between thumb and iliacus muscle
Bassier sign
56
Bassier sign is seen in
Chronic appendicitis
57
Upward movement of umbilicus as patient attempts to raise head from supine position
Beevor sign
58
Beevor sign is seen in
Paralysis of inferior portions of rectus abdominis muscles
59
Temporary abdominal wall rebound tenderness
Blumberg sign
60
Blumberg sign is seen in
Peritonitis
61
Right subscapular pain or hyperaesthesia (increased or altered sensitivity)
Boas sign
62
Boas sign is seen in `
Cholelithiasis
| Cholecystitis
63
Heart or breath sounds heard through the abdominal wall on auscultation
Claybrook sign
64
Claybrook sign is seen in
Ruptured abdominal viscus from blunt abdominal trauma
65
A pallpable gallbladder with painless jaundice unlikely to be cholelithaisis
Courvoisier law
66
Courvoisier law is seen in
Obstuctive jaundice
67
Varicose veins involving the umbilical and paraumbilical veins; humming sound (bruit) heard over the area
Cruveilhier-Baumgarten Bruit seen in
| Portal hypertension
68
Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus
Cullen sign
69
Cullen sign is seen in
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from pancreatitis
70
Absence of palpable viscera in the right lower quadrant caused by cecum moving away from the right iliac fossa
Dance sign seen in
| Intussusception
71
Shoulder pain on inspiration due to diaphragmatic irritation
Danforth sign
72
Danforth sign is seen in
Hemoperitoneum
73
Increased abdominal pain on coughing
Dunphy sign
74
Dunphy sign is seen in
Appendicitis
75
On contraction of abdominal muscles, an abdominal wall mass remains unchanged and does not cross the midline
Fothergill sign
76
This sign is used to differentiate a mass in the abdominal wall from an intraabdominal mass
Fothergill sign
77
Fothergill sign is seen in
Rectus hematoma (hematoma or mass in the abdominal wall)
78
Inguinal ligament ecchymosis
Fox sign
79
Fox sign is seen in
Retroperitoneal bleeding from acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
80
Flank discoloration or ecchymosis
Grey Turner Sign
81
Grey Turner Sign can be seen in
Retroperitoneal hemorrhage from pancreatitis
82
Absent adductor reflex in the thigh in the presence of a positive patellar reflex
Hannington-Kiff sign
83
Hannington-Kiff sign is seen in
Obturator Hernia
84
Inner thigh pain on internal rotation of the hip and may radiate to the knee
Howship-Romberg sign
85
Howship-Romberg sign is seen in
Obturator hernia
86
Left axillary adenopathy associated with metastatic gastric carcinoma
Irish node
87
Irish node is seen in
Gastric carcinoma
88
Acute referred pain to the left shoulder secondary to diaphragmatic irritation
Kehr sign
89
Kehr sign is seen in
Splenic rupture
90
Visible peristalsis of the ureter when ureter is pressed gently
Kelly sign
91
Used for ureter identification during sugery
Kelly sign
92
Pain that initially starts at the umbilical region and then migrates to the right iliac region
Kocher/Kosher sign
93
Kocher sign is seen in
Appendicitis
94
RLQ pain on dropping from standing on toes to heels with jarring landing
Markle sign or Jar tenderness
95
Markle sign or Jar tenderness is seen in
Appendicitis
96
Grimace elicited when the examiner performs a firm swish with the index and middle finger across the abdomen from the epigastium to the right iliac fossa
Appendicitis
97
Appendicitis is seen in
Massouh sign
98
Heart rate >100 beats /min 1 hour post partum
Macclintock sign
99
Mcclintock sign is seen in
Postpartum hemorrhage
100
Tenderness at McBurney point (1/3 distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus)
The point corresponds to the junciton of vermiform appendix and cecum
Mcburney sign
101
Mcburney sign is seen in
Appendicitis
102
Inspiratory arrest wiht deep palpation in the right subcostal area (the approximate location of the gallbladder)
Murphy sign
103
Murphy is seen in
Acute cholecystitis
104
Costovertebral angle tenderness upon percussion
Murphy Punch sign or Pasternacki sign
| Or Goldflam sign
105
Murphy Punch sign or Pasternacki sign
| Or Goldflam sign is seen in
Perinephric abscess
Pyelonephritis
Kidney stone
106
Pain with internal rotation of the leg with the hip and knee flexed
Obturator sign
107
Obturator sign is seen in
appendicitis
108
Pain with extension of the R leg (focus of irritation in the proximity of the right psoas muscle)
Psoas sign or iliopsoas sign
109
Psoas sign or iliopsoas sign seen in
Appendicitis
110
Increase in intensity of transmitted sound in intra-abdominal cavity secondary to percussion when the patient is positioned on all fours and the stethoscope is gradually moved toward the flank opposite percussion
Puddle sign
111
Yellow pigmentation in umbilical region
Ransohoff sign
112
Ransohoff sign is seen in
ruptured common bile duct
113
Used to detect small amounts of ascites
Puddle sign
114
Reynold-Dargan Pentad
```
Fever
Jaundice
Right upper quadrant pain
Mental status changes
Shock or sepsis
```
115
Reynold-Dargan pentad is seen in
Acute cholangitis
116
Tenderness in the right lower quadrant increases when the patient moves from the supine position to a recumbent posture of left side
Rosenstein sign
117
Rosentein sign is seen in
Appendicitis
118
Indirect tenderness (i.e. palpation of the left lower quadrant resulting in pain on the right lower quadrant)
Rovsing sign or Sitkovskiy sign
119
Rovsing sign or Sitkovskiy sign is seen in
Appendicitis
120
Palpable umbilical nodule
Sister Mary Joseph sign
121
Sister Mary Joseph sign is seen in
Metastasis to umbilical nodes from gastric cancer
122
Area of hyperesthesia over the RLQ
Sherren triangle
123
Sherren triangle is seen in
Appendicitis
124
Pain caused by gentle traction on right spermatic cord
Ten Horn sign
125
Ten Horn sign is seen in
Acute Appendicitis
126
RLQ pain from a peptic ulcer that perforates through the retroperitoneum
Valentino sign or syndrome
127
Valentino sign or syndrome si seen in
Perforated peptic ulcer
128
Palpable left supraclavicular node
Virchow node
129
Virchow node is seen in
Metastasis to left supraclavicular node from gastric cancer
130
Small subacute intraosseus abscess that frequently involves the cortex and is walled off by reactive bone that may persist for years
Brodie abscess
131
Brodie abscess is seen in
Subacute osteomyelitis
132
Superficial vein is percussed proximally
| If impulse is felt over the vein distally, valvular incompetence is present
Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test
133
Brodie-Trendelenburg percussion test is seen in
Venous insufficiency
134
Calf pain on forced dorsiflexion of foot
Homans sign
135
Homans sign is seen in
DVT
136
Affected finger in slight flexion
Pain over volar aspect of affected tendon
Swelling of affected finger
Pain on passive extension
Kanavel sign
137
Kanavel sign are
Four signs of flexor tenosynovitis of the hand
138
Pain elicited when the staight leg is lifted at an angle between 30 and 70 degrees
Lazarevic sign or
| Straight leg raise
139
Lazarevic sign or
| Straight leg raise is seen in
Herniated disc
140
Failure to elevate the contralateral pelvis seen while standing on one leg seen in people with weak gluteus medius and minimus muscle
Trendelenburg sign
141
Trendelenburg sign is seen in
Congenital dislocation of the hip
Trochanteric fracture
Spinal nerve root lesion
Polio
142
Worsening of pain while examiner resists patient forearm supination, humeral external roation and elbow flexion
Yergason sign
143
Yergason sign is seen in
biceps tendinitis,
| Shoulder impingement
144
Bergman triad includes
Change in mental satus
Petechiae over axillar or thorax
Dyspnea
145
Bergman triad is seen in
Fat Emboli syndrome
146
Carcinoid triad involves
Flushing
Diarrhea
Right sided heart failure
147
Carcinoid triad is seen in
Carcinoid syndrome
148
Scrotal or perineal hematoma
Destot sign
149
Destot sign is seen in
Pelvic fracture
150
Saint triad includes
Gallstones
Hiatal hernia
Diverticulosis
151
What is clinical condition of saint triad
Possibility of obesity as an underlying pathophysiology
152
Waddell triad includes
Femoral fracture ipsilateral to the site of impact
Intraabdominal or intrathoracic injury ipsilateral to site of impact
Head injury contralateral to the site of impact
153
Pattern of injury seen in pedestrian children struck by motor vehicles
Waddell triad
154
Post op fever
| Pertinent info to elicit
Number of days post-op
Fever patterns
Associated complaints
155
Etiology
Post-op fever
12-24 hours
Atelectasis
156
Post-op fever
12-36 hours
Etiology
Early wound infection (clostridium spp, Stretococcus species)
157
Post-op fever
3-5 days
Etiology
Urinary tract infection
158
Post-op fever
5-8 days
Etiology
Late wound infection (Staphylococcus spp., E. Coli, Pseudomonas)
159
Post op
Abdominal distention
Pertinent info
Number of days post-op
Medications being taken
Previous operation done
Associated complaints
160
Post op Abdominal distention
| Etiology
```
Postoperative adhesions
Adynamic ileus
Gastric outlet obstruction
Internal hernias
Fecal impaction
Pseudoobstruction
```
161
Post op
Hypotension
Pertient info
Hemodynamic status or VS
Nature of surgery or procedure
Patient’s fluid balance Obvious bleeding source
Medications being given
162
Type of shock
| Inadequate homeostasis and third space losses
Hypovolemic
163
Hypotension secondary to spinal cord trauma
Neurogenic shock
164
Septic shock
Anaohylaxis
Adrenal insufficiency
Type of shock
Vasogenic
165
AVS
Arrhythmia
Cardiomyopathy
Type of shock
Cardiogenic
166
Post op
| Oliguria/ Anuria
Patency or urinary catheter
Patient’s volume status
Baseline renal function
Medications beign taken. (Nephrotoxic)
167
Post op oliguria/ anuria
Prerenal (shock, hypovolemia, inadequate fluids, third space losses)
Renal (acute tubular necrosis, aminoglycoside, contrast agents, heavy metals, acute nephritis)
Postrenal (urethral or catheter obstruction, ureteral obstruction, retroperitoneal fibrosis)
168
Post op
Wound dehiscence
Pertinent info
Predisposing factors
Extent of dehiscence
Associated leak or wound drainage
169
Post op
Wound dehiscence
Etiology
Technical problems (poorly placed sutures, inappropriate suture)
Local wound problems (infection, hematomas)
Poor wound healing (malnutrition, diabetes, steroids, chemotherapy)
Decreased tension of wound (ascites, dilated bowels, coughing, vomiting)
170
Post op wound drainage
| Pertinent info
Age of wound
Operative procedure done
Character of drainage
Volume of drainage
171
Post op
Wound drainage
Etiology
```
Wound infection
Impending dehiscence
Fistula (enterocutaneous, colocutaneous)
Drain malfunction
Hemorrhage
```
