communicable and non-communicable disease Flashcards
(47 cards)
what is the difference between non-communicable disease vs communicable disease regarding infectiousness and risk of disease
non-communicable disease:
- chronic mental illness
- not infectious
- cannot spread from one person to another
- risk factors r genetics, lifestyle choices and environmental exposures
communicable disease:
- infectious and can spread by direct r indirect contact
- put entire population at risk
- ex: measles, dengue, typhoid
An infectious disease transmissible by direct contact with an affected individual or the individual’s discharges or by indirect means
communicable disease
it is chronic mental illness
non communicable disease
injuries in non communicable disease may be followed by
- prolonged convalescence
(a longer than normal recovery period after illness) - impaired functions
(when parts of the body cannot work properly due to disease/ injury)
how many seconds does a person dies prematurely from a NCD
every 2 seconds
*85% of premature deaths occur in low- and middle- income countries
*low- and middle- income countries are estimated to surpass 500 billion per year in economic losses due to NCDs
____ of pre mature deaths occur in low- and middle income countries
85%
low- and middle- income countries are estimated to surpass ______ per year in economic losses due to NCDs
500 billion
What is the return on investment for every $1 spent on NCD interventions in low- and lower-middle-income countries?
at least $7 in economic benefits
- contributes to reduced healthcare costs and increased productivity
types of non communicable disease
- cardiovascular disease
(coronary heart disease & stroke) - cancer
- chronic lung disease
- chronic neurologic disorders
(Alzheimer’s & dementias) - arthritis/ musculoskeletal disease
- diabetes
characteristics of NCDs
functional origin/ disability
[limit ability to do everyday tasks or lead to disability over time]
incurability
[ can’t be completely cured, but they can be managed]
insidious onset
[develop slowly, often without clear signs at first]
multiple risk factors
[combination of things like poor diet, smoking, lack of exercise, genetics]
prolonged course of illness
[last for a long time, sometimes for life]
complex etiology
[mix of lifestyle, environment, and genetic factors]
long latency period
[often take years to show symptoms after the initial cause]
non-contagious origin
[can’t catch them from someone else; they’re not infectious]
An aspect of personal behaviour or lifestyle, an environmental exposure or a hereditary characteristic that is associated with an increase in the occurrence of a particular disease, injury or other health condition.”
risk factor
[anything about a person’s behavior, lifestyle, environment, or family background that raises the chances of getting a disease
examples:
Behavioral
- Smoking, unhealthy diet
Environmental
- Air pollution
Hereditary
- Family history of diabetes]
difference between modifiable risk factor and non-modifiable risk factor
modifiable risk factor:
- can be reduced or controlled by intervention
- examples
physical inactivity
unhealthy diets
tobacco use
alcohol use
non-modifiable risk factor:
- cannot “”
- examples
age
gender
race
family history (genetics)
what are the 4 modifiable risk factor that WHO has prioritized
physical inactivity
unhealthy diets
tobacco use
alcohol use
what are some non-modifiable risk factor
age
gender
race
family history (genetics)
what are the common risk factor in
cardio vascular:
diabetes:
cancer:
chronic respiratory:
cardio vascular + diabetes + cancer:
all the modifiable risk factor
chronic respiratory:
tobacco use only
what are the leading cause of death
cardiovascular disease
chronic respiratory disease
cancer
diabetes
it is a grp of metabolic disease characterised by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both
diabetes mellitus
- increase blood glucose level
- can develop
Retinopathy
Nephropathy
Cardiovascular disease
Amputation
Tissue damage
it is the increase of blood glucose level
diabetes mellitus
diabetes mellitus can develop
cardiovascular disease
retinopathy
amputation
nephropathy
what are the 4 diagnosis for diabetes mellitus
- HbA1c
- fasting plasma glucose greater than or equal to 126mg/dl
- an OGTT with a 2hr postload level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl
- symptoms of diabetes plus a random plasma glucose level greater than or equal to 200mg/dl
type 1 diabetes is also known as
juvenile diabetes
inappropriate hyperglycemia primarily a result of pancreatic islet β-cell destruction and a tendency to ketoacidosis.
type 1 diabetes
- aka juvenile diabetes
- can develop in any age but first in children and young adult
- deficient in insulin production by the pancreas (produce little to no insulin)
- dependent on insulin to maintain QOL
characterized by hyperglycemia as a result of an individual’s resistance to insulin with an insulin secretory defect
type 2 diabetes
- most patients of this type are obese or have an increased percentage of body fat distribution in the abdominal region
- undiagnosed for many years and is associated with a strong genetic predisposition, with patients at increased risk with an
increase in age, obesity, and lack of physical exercise
abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health
obesity
