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N3 Providor Exam 3 > Communicable Disease > Flashcards

Communicable Disease Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

*what is salmonellosis

A

A food born illness

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2
Q

*Salmonellosis: signs and symptoms

A

?

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3
Q

*Salmonellosis: Treatment/tests

A

stool sample

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4
Q

*Salmonellosis: Prevention

A
  • storing food in the correct temperature fridge/freezer
  • 140 holding temp for cooked food
  • ensure meets are cooked to their minimum temp.
  • keep away from 41-139 degrees
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5
Q

*Salmonellosis: Agent

A

Bacteria (salmonella)

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6
Q

*Salmonellosis: Host

A

Human

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7
Q

*Salmonellosis: Environment

A

Food borne

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8
Q

*What is MRSA?

A

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

infection

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9
Q

*MRSA: Agent

A

Bacteria

Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus

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10
Q

*MRSA: Host

A

Human

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11
Q

*MRSA: Environment

A

Hospital
Community

Naturally occurring on the skin and nasal cavity. Enter with injury

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12
Q

*MRSA: signs and symptoms

A
  • small red bump, pimple, or boil.
  • area may be tender, swollen, or warm to the touch
  • puss
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13
Q

*MRSA: Transmission

A

-Contact (direct or indirect)

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14
Q

*MRSA: Treatment/tests

A

Test

  • tissue sample
  • nasal secretions

Treatment

  • Antibiotics
  • outpatient management of community MRSA
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15
Q

*MRSA: Prevention

A

Hospitalization

  • proper hygiene and sanitation in the hospital
  • isolation
  • ppe

Community

  • hand hygiene
  • keep woulds covered
  • showering after sporting events
  • sanitize linens
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16
Q

*Health care associated MRSA vs. Community associated MRSA?

A

Hospital
-obtained from being hospitalized, LTC, invasive medical device

Community

  • obtained outside the hospital
  • contact sports, crowded living, men having sex with men
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17
Q

*What is TB

A

Bacterial infection most common in the lungs

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18
Q

*TB: Agent

A

Bacteria (myobacterium tuberculosis)

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19
Q

*TB: Host

A

Human

poor nutrition, concurrent disease, low immunity

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20
Q

*TB: Environment

A

Crowding
poor ventilation
bad sanitation

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21
Q

*TB: signs and symptoms

A
  • cough
  • pain in chest
  • weakness
  • fatigue
  • weight loss
  • no appetite
  • productive cough of blood or sputum
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22
Q

*TB: Transmission

A

Airborn

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23
Q

*TB: Treatment latent TB

A

12w regimen

  • INH
  • RPT
  • RIF

Dont treat all. Treat 2-11 y.o., HIV taking antiretroviral

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24
Q

*TB: Tests

A
  • Skin testing/PPD (infected)
  • TB blood test (infected)
  • Chest x-ray (active)
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25
*TB: Prevention
?
26
*Latent TB vs Active TB
latent - in the body but not making one sick - not infectious active - infectious - opportunistic
27
*First line medications for TB
RIPE - Rifampin (RIF) - Isoiazid (INH) - Pyrazinamide (PZA) - Ethambutol (EMB)
28
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 5mm?
HIV positive recent contact with an HIV patient changes in chest x-ray organ transplant
29
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 10mm?
- recent visit to high prevalence location - iv drug user - health care worker - cormorbid conditions - <4 y.o. - infants, children, adolescents exposed to high risk categories
30
*Who is considered positive for a PPD test with 15mm?
person with no known risks
31
*TB: Treatment active TB
``` 10 drugs total approved in the us For pulmonary -RIPE for 2month -RI 2-6month if all is going well Non-pulmonary may be longer than 6m ```
32
*What is HIV?
A progressive disease caused by a virus, leading to aids and a depressed immune system
33
*HIV: Agent
Virus
34
*HIV: Host
Human
35
*HIV: Environment
Drug abuse Unprotected sexual activity Blood to blood exposure/working in a hospital
36
*HIV: Signs and symptoms
"worst cold/flu of my life" | -opportunistic infection (later stages)
37
*HIV: Transmision
- Contact with infected blood | - Sex
38
*HIV: Tests
Elisa -1st test, result in about 20 min Western blot -2nd, to double check, results in about a week ~lag period of 3wk -> 3m -> 6m, where antibodies are undetectable
39
*HIV: Treatment
Medications, HAART
40
*what is HAART?
Highly active antiretroviral therapy | -combination of medication
41
*Drawbacks to HAART?
- no a cure - expensive - side effects - interaction with other drugs
42
*HIV medications: Entry inhibitors
Block HIV from entering CD4 cells
43
*HIV medication: Nukes and non-nukes
Stop HIV from changing RNA into DNA
44
*HIV medication: Integrase inhibitors
Block HIV from being integrated into the DNA
45
*HIV medications: Protease inhibitors
Prevents now from being cut into protections and assembled
46
*HIV: prevention
- Protection with sex | - Prep
47
*Stages of HIV disease
- Initial infection - Acute infection (primary HIV infection) - Clinical latency - AIDS
48
*HIV: acute infection
large amount of virus are being produced | 1'worst flu ever"
49
*HIV: clinical latency
HIV reproduces at very low levels May not have symptoms Can last up to 8 years or longer - chronic stage - asymptomatic
50
*HIV: AIDS
CD4 cells <200 typically 3yr survival with no treatment
51
*HIV: Viral load
Measure of the amount of HIV RNA (virus) in the body - Undetectable viral load does not mean the virus is cured - want <7,000 copies/ml
52
*HIV: CD4 count
Measure the extent of immune damage done by the HIV RNA virus -Want >350/mm
53
*HIV: relationship of viral load and CD4 count
Inversely related as. As Viral load goes up CD4 goes down - Want viral load <7,000 and CD4 >350 - If viral load >55,000 and CD4 <200 85% chance of progressing to AIDS w/in 3 yr.
54
*AIDS: signs and symptoms
- Sever fatigue - Sudden weight loss - Night sweats - Fever - Diarrhea (potential risk in inc. exposure) - Bruising and/or bleeding - Skin rash and spots - Oral thrush - Neuro problems - Frequent infections - Persistent generalized lymhadenopathy
55
*Define opportunistic infections (OI)
Infections that take an advantage of an already depressed immune system to cuse infection -high risk with CD4<50
56
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii s/s
- night sweats - fatigue - fever - cough - loss of weight (similar to TB)
57
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii what it is
Parasite the infects the lungs
58
*HIV: OI pneumocystis carinnii dx
x-ray broncoscope sputum
59
*HIV: OI candidiasis what it is
Fungal infection typically of the mouth and vagina
60
*HIV: OI Candidiasis s/s
- Pain - dec. appetite - difficulty swallowing - Itching, burning, and/or thick discharge from of the vagina
61
*HIV: OI Karposi's sarcoma what it is
The human peruses virus (HPV) come in and creates sarcomas
62
*HIV: OI Karposi's sarcoma s/s
lesions-can be all over body (feet, mouth, leg, torso)

N3 Providor Exam 3 (7 decks)

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