Communicable diseases

Question 1

Compare bacterial and viral diseases:

Answer 1

• bacteria divides rapidly by splitting in two snd produces toxins which affect our body and make us feel ill
• viruses live and reproduce inside cells, damaging and destroying them

Question 2

Explain how HIV leads to AIDS:

Answer 2

HIV attacks the immune system until it can no longer treat infections and cancer
AIDS is known as the late-stage HIV infection

Question 3

Explain how plants are affected through direct contact?

Answer 3

infected plant material can infect an entire crop

Question 4

Describe how vectors spread disease?

Answer 4

vectors transfer disease between infected and uninfected organisms

Question 5

How can disease be spread through water?

Answer 5

drinking water containing sewage

Question 6

Describe how lifestyle conditions increase the likelihood of disease spreading?

Answer 6

crowded conditions with no sewage system spread diseases more quickly

Question 7

How can we prevent the spread of communicable diseases?

Answer 7

• washing hands after going to the toilet
• disinfectant in kitchen work surfaces
• keeping raw food away
• coughing or sneezing into a handkerchief

Question 8

What are communicable disease?

Answer 8

transmission of disease from one organism to another

Question 9

what are the symptoms of measles?

Answer 9

red skin rash and fever

Question 10

How is measles spread?

Answer 10

inhalation of droplets

Question 11

How is measles prevented in the UK?

Answer 11

improved living conditions and a vaccination programme for young children

Question 12

Symptoms of HIV/AIDS:

Answer 12

mild flu-like illness

Question 13

How is HIV/AIDS spread?

Answer 13

exchange of bodily fluids or direct sexual contact

Question 14

How to treat HIV/AIDS?

Answer 14

antiretroviral drugs

Question 15

Symptom of TMV?

Answer 15

mosaic pattern of discolouration on the leaves

Question 16

How does TMV affect plants?

Answer 16

affected areas do not photosynthesise so affects yield of a crop

Question 17

How to prevent TMV?

Answer 17

TMV reistant strains
good field hygiene
good pest control

Question 18

What do antibiotics do?

Answer 18

kill bacteria and stop them from growing

Question 19

What is salmonella found in?

Answer 19

raw meat, egg, poultry

Question 20

What causes salmonella?

Answer 20

eating undercooked food and eating food prepared in unhygienic conditions

Question 21

Symptoms of salmonella:

Answer 21

abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea

Question 22

Why do doctors not prescribe antibiotics for salmonella?

Answer 22

symptoms do not last very long

Question 23

How to prevent food poisoning.

Answer 23

• keep raw chicken away
• avoid washing raw chicken
• wash hands and surfaces well
• cook chicken thoroughly

Question 24

What causes gonorrhoea?

Answer 24

• unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

Question 25

Symptoms of gonorrhoea?

Answer 25

thick, yellow discharge/ green discharge and pain on urination

Question 26

How is gonorrhoea treated?

Answer 26

antibiotics

Question 27

Why is it gonorrhoea difficult to treat?

Answer 27

Antibiotic - resistant strains have evolved

Question 28

How to prevent spread of gonorrhoea?

Answer 28

contraception, reducing number of sexual partners

Question 29

How does black rose spot affect plants?

Answer 29

reduces leaves available for photosynthesis

Question 30

How to prevent the spread of black rose spot?

Answer 30

• removing and burning affected leaves and stems
• Chemical fungicides

Question 31

Symptoms of malaria?

Answer 31

fever, sweat, chills, headaches, vomiting diarrhoea

Question 32

How to prevent spread of malaria?

Answer 32

• insecticide- impregnated nets
• Insecticides to kill mosquitoes
• Antimalarial drugs that kill parasites
• Prevent mosquitoes from breeding

Question 33

How is malaria passed from one person to another?

Answer 33

mosquitoes suck blood containing protists from an infected person and pass the protist to other people they suck blood from