COMMUNICABLE DISEASES Flashcards
(259 cards)
1
Q
entry/ invasion, growth, and proliferation of microorganism into the body
A
Infection
2
Q
Needs vector
A
infectious
3
Q
easily transmitted and easily infects others
A
contagious
4
Q
presence of infection in the body
A
Sepsis
5
Q
absence of infection
A
asepsis
6
Q
medical hand washing
clean technique
A
Medical Asepsis
7
Q
surgical hand washing
sterile technique
A
Surgical Asepsis
7
Q
temporary stay of microorganisms in the body or not permanent inhabitants of the body. Meaning, they stay in the body for hours/ weeks only. eg. Candida albicans.
A
Transient Flora
8
Q
any microorganism that can cause infection
A
pathogen
9
Q
EASILY TRANSMITTED FROM ONE PERSON TO ANOTHER
A
CONTAGIOUS
10
Q
permanent inhabitants of the body
A
resident flora
11
Q
bacilli that normally reside in the vagina
A
Doderlein Bacillus
12
Q
ability of microorganism to cause disease in the body
A
pathogenicity
13
Q
vigor/ strength of microorganism to grow and multiply
A
Virulence
14
Q
nosocomial infection
A
hospital-acquired infection
15
Q
something is rendered unclean/ unsterile
A
contamination
16
Q
somebody who carries the microorganism but does not show signs and symptoms
A
Carrier
17
Q
direct/ close association with an infected person
A
Contact
18
Q
patients shows signs and symptoms
A
case
19
Q
process of destroying microorganisms but not their spores
A
disinfection
20
Q
halts/ prevent the speed, growth, and multiplication of the microorganism
A
bacteriostatic
21
Q
process of killing microorganism including their spores via autoclave
A
sterilization
22
Q
PRESENCE OF INFECTION
A
SEPSIS
23
Q
HARBORS MICROBES BUT NO S/S
A
CARRIER
24
SHOWS S/S
CASE
25
CLOSE ASSOCIATION WITH AN INFECTED PERSON
CONTACT
26
NATURAL HABITAT
RESERVIOR
27
MICROBES IN THE BLOODSTREAM
SEPTICEMIA
28
TEMPORARY INHABITANTS OF THE SUPERFICIAL LAYER
TRANSIENT FLORA
29
ABILITY TO CAUSE DISEASE
PATHOGENICITY
30
THE STRENGTH OF THE MICROBE TO GROW AND MULTIPLY
VIRULENCE
31
DISEASE CAUSING ORGANISM
PATHOGEN
32
HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTION
NOSOCOMIAL
33
CLEAN TECHNIQUE
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
34
MEDICAL HAND WASHING
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
35
STERILE TECHNIQUE
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
36
DESTROYS MICROBES BUT NOT SPORES
DISINFECTION
37
KILLS MIBROBES INCLUDING SPORES
STERILIZATION
38
REDUCES THE NUMBER OF MICROBES
MEDICAL ASEPSIS
39
KEEPING OBJECTS FREE FROM MICROBES
SURGICAL ASEPSIS
40
PREVENTS BACTERIAL MULTIPLICATION
BACTERIOSTATIC
41
KILLS BACTERIA
BACTERICIDAL
42
Stages of infection
1. Incubation Period
2. Prodromal Period
3. Illness Period
4. Convalescence Period/ Recovery Period
43
SPECIFIC S/S DEVELOP AND BECOME EVIDENT
ILLNESS
44
S/S START TO ABATE OR DECLINE UNTIL THE CLIENT RETURNS TO NORMAL STATE OF HEALTH
CONVALESCENCE
45
EXTENDS FROM THE ENTRY OF MICROORGANISM TO THE ONSET/BEGINNING OF S/S
INCUBATION
46
EXTENDS FROM THE ONSET OF NON-SPECIFIC S/S TO THE APPEARANCE OF SPECIFIC S/S
PRODROMAL
47
CHAIN OF INFECTION
1. CAUSATIVE AGENT
2. RESERVOIR
3. PORTAL OF EXIT
4. MODE OF TRANSMISSION
5. PORTAL OF ENTRY
6. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
48
Microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, that can cause infectious disease.
ETIOLOGIC AGENT
49
The SOURCE which infectious agents live, grow, and multiply.
RESERVOIR
50
The route by which an infectious agent escapes or leaves the reservoir.
PORTAL OF EXIT
51
The way in which an infectious agent travels to other people and places because they cannot travel on their own.
MODE OF TRANSMISSION
52
The route by which an infectious agent enters a new host
PORTAL OF ENTRY
53
person at elevated risk for developing an infection when exposed to an infectious agent due to changes in their immune system defenses
SUSCEPTIBLE HOST
54
It takes place through skin-to-skin contact, as well as kissing and sexual intercourse
Direct
55
This involves contact between a person and a contaminated object. This is often a result of unclean hands contaminating an object or environment.
Indirect
56
It occurs when mucous membrane of the nose, mouth, or conjunctiva are exposed to secretions of an infected person Who is coughing, sneezing, laughing, or talking, usually within a distance of 3 feet.
droplet
57
This ocours when fine particles are suspended in the air for a long time or when dust particles contain pathogens.
Airborne
58
TYPES OF IMMUNITY
I. ACTIVE IMMUNITY
A. NATURAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
B. ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
II. PASSIVE IMMUNITY
A. NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
B. ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
59
antibodies produced by the body
ACTIVE IMMUNITY
60
antibodies are formed in the presence of active infection in the body; lifelong
NATURAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
61
Antigens are administered to stimulate antibody production
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
62
antibodies are produced by another source
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
63
transferred from mother to newborn through placenta or colostrum
NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
64
immune serum from an animal or human is injected to a person
ARTIFICIAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
65
VACCINES AND TOXOIDS
ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE
66
Lifelong
NATURAL ACTIVE
67
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE; THEY KILL AND ENGULF BACTERIA AND FUNGI
NEUTROPHILS
68
HELPS TO BREAK DOWN BACTERIA
MONOCYTES
69
CONSISTS OF T CELLS AND B CELLS
LYMPHOCYTES
70
SERVE AS ALARM WHEN INFECTIOUS AGENT STRIKES; SECRETE CHEMICALS LIKE HISTAMINE THAT PRODUCE ALLERGIC RESPONSE
BASOPHILS
71
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY EFFECTS; ATTACK AND KILL PARASITES; HELPS BASOPHILS IN ALLERGIC RESPONSE
EOSINOPHILS
72
Five subclasses of antibodies
1. IgM
2. IgA
3. IgG
4. IgE
5. IgD
73
An anti body which is found mainly in the blood and lymph fluid, is the first antibody to be made by the body to fight a new infection.
IgM
74
An antibody which is found in high concentrations in the mucous membranes, particularly those lining the respiratory passages and gastrointestinal tract, as well as in saliva and tears.
IgA
75
An antibody which is the most abundant type of antibody, is found in all body fluids and protects against bacterial and viral infections.
IgG
76
An antibody which is associated mainly with allergic reactions and parasitic infections . It is found in the lungs, skin, and mucous membranes.
IgE
77
PATTERNS OF DISEASES
1. SPORADIC
2. ENDEMIC
3. EPIDEMIC
4. PANDEMIC
78
irregular occurrence of disease
SPORADIC
79
occurs only infrequently, or occasionally, from time to time in a few isolated places
SPORADIC
80
when it is consistently/constantly/continuously present but limited to a particular region.
ENDEMIC
81
Sudden increase in the number of cases of a disease in a short period of time
EPIDEMIC
82
unexpected increase in the number of disease cases in a specific geographical area.
EPIDEMIC
83
Worldwide
PANDEMIC
84
Standard Precautions
Wear clean gloves when touching
A. BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS
B. MUCOUS MEMBRANES
C. NON-INTACT SKIN
85
Standard Precautions
Perform handwashing immediately
A. DIRECT CONTACT WITH BLOOD AND BODY FLUIDS
B. AFTER REMOVAL OF GLOVES
C. BETWEEN PATIENT CONTACT
86
Prevent injuries
A. NEVER RECAP A USED NEEDLE
B. NEVER POINT A NEEDLE TO ANY PART OF THE BODY
C. USE PUNCTURE PROOF NEEDLE CONTAINER
87
Airborne Precautions.
Private room
Nurse wears?
Client wears?
N: N95 MASK/ WELL FITTED RESPIRATOR MASK
C: MASK
REMEMBER TO LET AN HOUR PAST BEFORE LETTING ANOTHER PATIENT USE THE X-RAY ROOM
88
Droplet Precautions.
Private room
❑The nurse wears?
❑The client wears?
N: MASK
C: MASK
88
Cohorting
Personnel use gloves, when?
Remove gloves:
Personnel use gloves when entering room
Remove gloves before leaving the room
89
TB appropriate measure
N-95
90
3 FEET
DROPLET
91
COHABITUATION
CONTACT
92
“Law on Reporting of Communicable Diseases”.
RA 3573
93
Mandatory Reporting of Notifiable Diseases and Health Events of
RA 11332
94
Domiciliary treatment of LEPROSY
RA 4073
95
Compulsory immunization of children below 8 years old
PD 996
96
Mandatory Infant and Children Health Immunization Act (MICHA Act)
RA 10152
97
Compulsory immunization against Hepa B
RA 7846
98
PENALTY FOR IMPROPER GARBAGE DISPOSAL
PD 825
99
CLEAN AIR ACT
RA 8749
100
CODE OF SANITATION
PD 856
101
TOXIC SUBSTANCE, HAZARDOUS WASTES AND NUCLEAR WASTE ACT
RA 6969
102
ANTI-RABIES LAW
RA 9482
103
TOBACCO CONTROL ACT
RA 9211
104
PHILIPPINE MEDICAL ACT
RA 2382
105
AIDS AND HIV PREVENTION AND CONTROL
RA 8504
106
NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION DAY
PD 147
107
WHEN IS NATIONAL IMMUNIZATION DAY
MAY AND APRIL
108
ROOMING IN AND BREASTFEEDING
RA 7600
109
Causative agents of pulmonary tuberculosis
A. Mycobacterium Tuberculae
B. Mycobacterium Africanum
C. Mycobacterium Bovis
110
Mycobacterium Tuberculae is a?
gram positive bacteria, thick peptidoglycan, purple under microscope
111
found in cattles
Mycobacterium Bovis
112
common PTB among children
Primary Complex
113
Two types of tuberculosis
Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Extrapulmonary Tuberculosis
114
Mode of Transmission of PTB
Airborne
Droplet
Milk as a vehicle specifically unpasteurized milk
115
temp degree of pasteurized milk
A. 63 degrees celsius for 30 minutes
B. 71.7 or 72 degrees celsius for 15 minutes
116
INCUBATION PERIOD OF TB?
2- 10 WEEKS
117
CARDINAL SIGNS OF PTB
COUGHING
NEGHT SWEATS
WEIGHT LOSS
ANOREXIA/ LOSS OF APPETITE
HEMOPTYSIS
LOW GRADE FEVER IN THE AFTERNOON
118
CONVENTIONAL STRATEGY (SPOT)
Pt. return early morning the next day
119
Direct sputum sweat microscopy
1. CONVENTIONAL STRATEGY (SPOT)
2. SPOT –SPOT METHOD
120
SPOT –SPOT – HOW MANY SPECIMEN?
3
121
A. ONE SPOT –_________
B. 2ND SPOT – _________
C. THIRD SPECIMEN – __________
A. ONE SPOT – RIGHT THERE AND THEN
B. 2ND SPOT – AFTER 1 HOUR
C. THIRD SPECIMEN – EARLY MORNING THE NEXT DAY
122
SPUTUM ANALYSIS
A. 2 Positive confirmed: (+) PTB
B. 1 (+) & 1 (-): Chest x-ray to determine the extent of lesion in lung parenchyma
123
used to test susceptibility/ exposure and immunity to tuberculin/ mycobacterium
Purified Protein Derivative/ Mantoux test
124
Explain process of tuberculin skin test
0.1 mL of PPD is administered ID to left forearm. Then, after 2-3 days or 48-72 hours, the result is red. A wheal formation or 10mm induration is positive in healthy individual. 5 mm induration in immunocompromised or HIV/ AIDS patients.
125
Classification based on history of previous TB treatment.
NEW
A. Newly diagnosed
B. (+) sputum
C. A person who has taken anti-TB drugs for less than one month
126
The patient was treated for TB but diagnosed again for TB
Relapse
127
Undergone treatment but failed
Treatment After Failure (TAF)
128
started treatment but failed to follow-up for 2 months
Treatment after lost to follow- up (TALF)
129
claims that patient undergone treatment but no document/ record to support the claim
Previously treatment Outcome Unknown (PTOU)
130
a patient who does not fit to any category
Other
131
C1
Newly diagnosed
(+) sputum smear
extensive parenchymal lesions
seriously ill
132
C2
Relapse
TAF
TALF
PTOU
Others
133
C3
Newly diagnosed
(+) sputum smear
mild parenchymal lesions
not seriously ill
134
C4
chronic PTB
Still w/ TB after supervised treatment
135
FIRST LINE DRUGS FOR PTB
1. Rifampicin
2. Isoniazid (H)
3. Pyrazinamide (Z)
4. Ethambutol
5. STreptomycin
136
YELLOW ORANGE URINE
RIFAMPICIN
137
PERIPHERAL NEURITIS
ISONIAZID
138
HYPERURICEMIA
PYRAZINAMIDE (Z)
139
NEPHROTOXIC, HEPATOTOXIC
PYRAZINAMIDE (Z)
140
OPTIC NEURITIS
ETHAMBUTOL
141
IMPAIRED GREEN-YELLOW DISCRIMINATION
ETHAMBUTOL
142
TINNITUS/VERTIGO
STREPTOMYCIN
143
SECOND LINE DRUGS
AMINOGLYCOSIDE
FLUROQUINOLONE
144
INJECTABLE AMINOGLYCOSIDE
Amikacin
Kanamycin
Capreomycin
145
Tx for C1
2HRZE | 4HR
146
Tx for C2
2HRZES | 5HRE
147
Tx for C3
2HRZ | 4HR
148
C4
No Tx
149
Isoniazid is taken with what med
B6 (Pyridoxine)
150
Pyrazinamide (Z) side effects
Hyperuricemia
Hepatotoxic
Nephrototoxic
151
Serum Creatinine normal range
04-1.2 mg/ dL
152
BUN Normal range
10-20 mg/ dL
153
What food should a patient avoid when taking pyrazinamide?
purine-rich foods
organ foods
154
Ethambutol Side Effects
Optic Neuritis - optic disc
Blurring of vision
Transient/ temporary loss of vision
Snellen's chart- 20/ 20
difficulty discriminating yellow and green colors- Ishihara Diagram
155
What nerve can be damaged when taking streptomycin
8th cranial nerve/ vestibulocochlear/ Acoustic Nerve
156
Side effects of streptomycin
tinnitus- ringing in the ears
vertigo
loss of balance
ototoxicity
157
side effect of rifampicin
red orange urine, sweat, urine, semen, and tears
158
Oral meds for PTB: fluroquinolone
Ciprofloxacin
Moxifloxacin
Levofloxacin
159
prevention for TB: BCG
CONTENT:
GIVEN WHEN:
DOSAGE:
NUMBER OF DOSES:
ROUTE:
OLD SCHEDULE
NEW SCHEDULE:
SIDE EFFECTS
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES:
CONTENT: Live attenuated bacteria
GIVEN WHEN: at birth
DOSAGE: 0.05 mL
NUMBER OF DOSES: 1
ROUTE: ID
OLD SCHEDULE: at birth
NEW SCHEDULE: at birth
SIDE EFFECTS: permanent scar, fever, local soreness
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS:
HIV/ AIDS, immunocompromised, cough
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES:
chemotherapy, corticosteroid therapy, fever of 38.5 and above
160
BCG: DILUENT, SYRINGE, DISCHARGE
2-3mL, 5mL, after 4hours
161
new PTB with extensive parenchymal lesions on CXR/ seriously-ill
C1
162
RELAPSE; TX failure, return after default, other
C2
163
NEW WITH LESS SEVERE/minimal parenchymal lesions on CXR
C3
164
CHRONIC/ CHRONIC/STILL (+) smear AFTER SUPERVISED RE- TREATMENT
C4
165
C3 Tx
2HRZ and 4HR
166
C2 Tx
2HRZES and 5 HRE
167
C1 Tx
2HRZE and 4HR
168
new PTB with extensive parenchymal lesions on CXR/ seriously-ill
2HRZE and 4HR
169
NEW WITH LESS SEVERE/minimal parenchymal lesions on CXR
2HRZ And 4HR
170
RELAPSE
2HRZES and 5 HRE
171
TREATMENT FAILURE
2HRZES and 5 HRE
172
RETURN AFTER DEFAULT
2HRZES and 5 HRE
173
HEPATITIS B: causative agent?
Hepatitis B virus
174
HEPATITIS B
❑INCUBATION PERIOD: ________ DAYS; range: _________DAYS
❑INCUBATION PERIOD: 90days DAYS; range: 60- 150 DAYS
175
heap b mode of transmission
Sexual Intercourse
Needle stick injury
Perinatal transmission
Blood transfusion
Common among drug addicts who use the same needles
Use of shared/ common utensils like razors
176
s/SX of hepatitis b
Jaundice
Fever
Anorexia
Dark Urine
Clay-colored stool/ Acholic stool
Steatorrhea
177
other signs of hepatitis b
N/ V
Fatigue/ malaise
Joint Pain/ Arthralgia
Abdominal Pain- Right Upper Quadrant pain
178
management for hepatitis b
❑Isolation for 3-4 weeks
❑Proper hygiene- strict hand washing
❑Personal items should not be shared
❑Encourage bed rest
❑Encourage small frequent meals
❑Avoid alcohol intake
179
Hepa B Prevention
CONTENT:
DOSAGE:
NUMBER OF DOSES:
ROUTE:
OLD SCHEDULE
NEW SCHEDULE:
SIDE EFFECTS: NO F____
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES
CONTENT: Plasma Derivative
DOSAGE: 0.5mL
NUMBER OF DOSES: 3
ROUTE: IM
OLD SCHEDULE: Birth, 6wks, 14wks
NEW SCHEDULE: Penta 1(6wks), Penta 2 (10wks), Penta 3 (14wks)
SIDE EFFECTS: NO Fever, local soreness
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS :
neurologic d/o- spina bifida, meningitis, hydrocephalus
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES:
chemotherapy, corticoid therapy, fever with more than 38.5
180
Acute febrile infection of the tonsil, throat, nose, larynx
DIPTHERIA
181
DIPTHERIA causative agent and classification
Corynebacterium diphteriae
Klebs loffer bacillus
classification: gram positive bacteria w/ thick peptidoglycan wall
purple under microscope
182
incubation period of diphteria
2-5 days
182
pathognomonic sign of diptheria
pseudomembrane (whitish, grayish membrane)
183
period of communicability
3-4 wks
184
The incubation period of diphtheria is
2 to 5 days
185
Mode of Transmission of diphteria
A. Droplet
B. Airborne
C. Milk vehicle (unpasteurized milk)
186
Susceptible to diphtheria
Infants born to mothers who had DIPTHERIA are only immune for the 1st few months. Immunity disappears after 6 months
187
s/sx of diphteria
pseudomembrane
bull neck
188
types of DIPHTHERIA
Nasal DIPHTHERIA
Laryngeal DIPHTHERIA
Pharyngeal DIPHTHERIA
189
s/sx of Nasal DIPHTHERIA
coryza "runny nose"
epistaxis
adenitis/ lymphadenitis
190
s/sx of Laryngeal DIPHTHERIA
hoarseness of voice
191
s/sx of pharyngeal DIPHTHERIA
sore throat
tonsilitis
bull neck appearance
192
diagnostics tests for diphteria
schick's test
Moloney test
193
test for the immunity and susceptibility to diphteria
schick's test (same procedure with PPD)
194
test to determine hypersensitivity to diphteria
Moloney's test (same procedure with PPD)
195
NURSING MANAGEMENT/PREVENTION FOR DIPHTERIA
*PROPER DISPOSAL OF SECRETIONS ✓Strict isolation: 5-7 DAYS
*COUGHING ETIQUETTE
*PASTEURIZATION
*VACCINATION
196
DIPHTERIA PHARMACOLOGIC Management
DOC
PENICILLIN
ERYTHROMYCIN
197
DO FOR PENICILLIN
250 mg PO QID FOR 14 DAYS
198
DO ERYTHROMYCIN
500 MG(10 MG/KG children) PO every 6 hours FOR 14 DAYS
199
DPT CONTENT
D: weakened toxin
P: killed bacteria
T: weakened toxin
200
PREVENTION/VACCINATION: DPT (OLD) / PENTA (NEW)
CONTENT:
GIVEN WHEN:
DOSAGE:
NUMBER OF DOSES:
ROUTE:
OLD SCHEDULE
NEW SCHEDULE:
SIDE EFFECTS:
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS (DPT1; DPT2/3) CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES
GIVEN WHEN:
OLD: 6, 10, 14
NEW: 6, 10, 14
DOSAGE: 0.5mL
NUMBER OF DOSES: 3
ROUTE: IM
OLD SCHEDULE: 6, 10, 14
NEW SCHEDULE: 6, 10, 14
SIDE EFFECTS:
Local soreness
Fever
ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS:
DPT1: neurologic d/o
DPT2/3: seizure or convulsion, 72 hrs after DPT 1 adm.
CONTRAINDICATIONS FOR ANY VACCINES:
CCF
201
acute infection of the respiratory tract with attacks of coughing with a crowing sound
WHOOPING COUGH/PERTUSSIS
202
Etiologic Agent of WHOOPING COUGH/PERTUSSIS
Haemophilus Pertussis, Bordetella Pertussis, Berdot Gengou Bacillus
203
classification of WHOOPING COUGH/PERTUSSIS
bacterial
204
pathognomonic sign
paroxysmal with crowing sound
205
HOARSENESS OF VOICE
LARYNGEAL diphteria
206
SORE THROAT
PHARYNGEAL diphteria
207
BULL NECK
PHARYNGEAL diphteria
208
coryza
nasal diphteria
209
epistaxis
nasal diphteria
210
TONSILLITIS
pharyngeal diphteria
211
ADENITIS
nasal diphteria
212
Whopping cough
Incubation period: _____ DAYS; but not exceeding ____days
Incubation period: 7-10 DAYS; but not exceeding 21 days
213
Whopping cough
Mode of transmission:
Droplet
Contact- respiratory secretion
214
The incubation period of WHOOPING COUGH is?
7 to 10 days
215
WHOOPING COUGh
Period of communicability:
10 after exposure
to 3-4 weeks
216
whooping cough
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS under invasive or catarrhal stage
7-14 days
Fever
Dry cough
Coryza
217
Spasmodic Stage S/SX UNDER whooping cough/ pertussis
4-12 WEEKS
paroxysmal with crowing sound
protrusion of the eye
lymphadenopathy/ dilated veins
218
stages of whooping cough
A. Invasive or Catarrhal stage
B. Spasmodic Stage
219
DOC for pertussis/ whooping cough
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Clarithromycin
220
Erythromycin DO for pertussis
40-50 MG/KG/DAY in 4 divided
doses
221
Azithromycin DO
10 MG/KG DAY 1, THEN 5 MG/KG DAILY FOR 4 DAYS
222
Clarithromycin DO
LIQUID 7.5 MG/KG/DOSE ORAL BID FOR 7 DAYS
223
WHOOPING COUGH/ PERTUSSIS nsg MANAGEMENT
✓Droplet precaution;
✓Isolation for 3-4 weeks
✓Clothing contaminated with discharges should be boiled for 30 MINS minutes before laundering
224
cOMPLICATIONS OF WHOOPING COUGH/ PERTUSSIS
Bronchopneumonia
Hernia
Hemorrhage
225
The causative agent of whooping cough is
A.Hemophilus pertussis. B.Bordet gengou bacillus. C.Bordetella pertussis.
226
CATARRHAL OR SPASMODIC
1. FEVER
2.DRY COUGH
3. CORYZA
4. PAROXYSMAL COUGH
5. PROTRUSION OF EYES
6. 7-14 DAYS
7. 4-12 WEEKS
1. C
2. C
3. C
4. S
5. S
6. C
7. S
227
What diagnostic test is used to determine susceptibility and immunity to diphtheria?
Schick test
228
What diagnostic test is used to determine hypersentivity to diphtheria toxoid?
Moloney test
229
The causative agent of diphtheria is
A.Corynbacterium
B.Klebs-loeffler.
230
common pathognomonic sign of diphtheria
Coryza
pathognomonic sign: pseudomembrane
231
Which of the following is not a sign during the catarrhal stage of pertussis?
A.Dry cough.
B.Fever and watery eyes.
C.Coryza.
D.Protrusion of eyeballs.
D.Protrusion of eyeballs.
232
Which of the following is a sign during the spasmodic stage of pertussis?
A.Dry cough.
B.Swollen neck and veins.
C.Coryza.
D.PSEUDOMEMBRANE
B.Swollen neck and veins.
233
Acute disease caused by toxin of tetanus
TETANUS NEONATORUM
234
ETIOLOGIC AGENT of TETANUS NEONATORUM
clostridium tetani
235
haemophilus pertussis is a gram ?
gram negative
thin peptidoglycan wall
red/ pink under microscope
236
clostridium tetani classification
bacteria- gram negative
237
TETANUS NEONATORUM
Incubation period: _____days;
Mode of transmission:
Incubation period: 3-21 days;
Mode of transmission: Contaminated scissors
238
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS of tetanus neonatrum
❑Stops sucking (between 3-21 DAYS AFTER BIRTH
❑Excessive crying
239
other signs of tetanus in adult
❑Painful spasm and rigid neck muscles: TRISMUS
❑Difficulty swallowing: DYSPHAGIA
240
DOC for tetanus neonatrum
Penicillin
Metronidazole
241
DO for Penicillin
2-4 million units/IV
every 4-6 hours
242
DO for Metronidazole
500 MG/IV every 6- 8 hours
243
MANAGEMENT for tetanus neonatrum
❑NO STIMULI: dark and quiet
❑PREVENTION: SAME AS DIPTHERIA AND PERTUSSIS
244
ALL OF THE FOLLOWING ARE SIGNS OF TETANUS NEONATORUM EXCEPT?
A. STOPS BREAST FEEDING BETWEEN 3- 21 DAYS
B.EXCESIVE CRYING
C.INABILITY TO OPEN MOUTH OR JAW D.SUNKEN FONTANELS
D.SUNKEN FONTANELS
245
causative agent of poliomyelitis
Legio Debilitans
246
classification of the causative agent of poliomyelitis
Viral
247
incubation period of poliomyelitis
2-10days | 6-10 days in other sources
248
mode of transmission of poliomyelitis
Droplet
contaminated hands or eating utensils (fomites)
249
The incubation period of POLIOMYELITIS is
2 to 10 days. (6-10)
250
Manifestations of poliomyelitis
sore throat
fever
headache
N/V
❑Some DOB
❑Temporary stiffness of the neck, back, and/or legs.
thinning of the arms and legs
paralysis of the arms and legs
251
PREVENTION/VACCINATION: OPV
CONTENT:
GIVEN WHEN:
DOSAGE:
NUMBER OF DOSES:
ROUTE:
storage?
CONTENT: Virus
GIVEN WHEN: 6, 10, 14 weeks
DOSAGE: 2-3 drops
NUMBER OF DOSES: 3
ROUTE: Oral / per orem
Freezer: -15 to -25 since it is heat sensitive (MMR and AMV also)
252
OPV side effects?
none
253
OPV
❖Withhold BF:
Possible Problems:
a. VOMITING:
b. DIARRHEA:
for 30 mins after OPV adm.
Possible Problems:
a. VOMITING: give same dose
b. DIARRHEA: give dose but instruct mother to come back after 1 week then give the same dose
254
old and new schedule of opv?
6, 10, 14
255
INACTIVATED POLIO VACCINE
❑FIRST DOSE: ___ WEEKS
❑SECOND DOSE: ____ WEEKS
❑THIRD DOSE: _____ WEEKS
❑BOOSTER DOSE: ____MONTHS ❑DOSAGE:
❑ROUTE:
❑FIRST DOSE: 6 WEEKS
❑SECOND DOSE: 10WEEKS
❑THIRD DOSE: 14 WEEKS
❑BOOSTER DOSE: 6 MONTHS
❑DOSAGE: 0.5 mL
❑ROUTE: SQ
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most sensitive to heat
OPV & IPV
