Communicable Diseases Flashcards
(33 cards)
What is the difference between active and passive immunity?
ACTIVE- produced by own immune system upon exposure, provides long-term immunity
PASSIVE-
immune system not actively involved, involves immunity being directly transferred from another person, leads to temporary immunity
How does active immunity work?
our immune system is exposed to an antigen, recognizes it as an antigen and creates antibodies to fight that antigen
Define eradicate
get rid of all together Smallpox
What is a pandemic? How is this different from an epidemic?
Epidemic is an outbreak within a certain area. A pandemic is when that outbreak goes outside a specific geographic area
What is the difference between the Federal and Provincial responsibilities in terms of communicable disease control?
FED: provide healthcare money, look after first nations and veteran health, surveillance and research, regulate vaccine control
PROV: receive money, create their own communicable disease programs based on what they see in their own geographical areas
Name 3 components (other than immunization) of CDC programs
- outbreak management
- record-keeping
- maintenance of vaccine potency
What is the difference between an inactivated vaccine and a live attenuated vaccine?
inactivated vaccine components do not replicate in the body, so the recipient cannot get the disease from the vaccine. LIVE vaccines DO replicate in the body but they will not cause the disease
Give an example of an inactivated vaccine
Flu
HPV
Give an example of a live attenuated vaccine
MMR
Rotavirus
What are Toxoids?
vaccines that protect against injury that occurs as a result of bacterial toxins (diptheria, tetanus)
Give 2 examples of passive immunity
rogam
rabies
hep. B
List 3 populations that CANNOT receive live vaccines
- pregnant women
- severely immunocompromised people, including those on high doses of corticosteroids
- individuals who have had another live vaccine within the past 6 weeks
Rash that first appears on the body, scalp and face, and THEN spreads to the limbs
Varicella (chicken pox)
How does rubeola appear?
dusky red blotch rash spreading down from the face
How does rubella appear?
raise, red pinpoint rash spreading from behind the ears to face and downward from there
What is roseola infantum?
raised red rash on trunk that occurs after 3-4 days of high fever, which spreads to the rest of the body
what is impetego?
bacterial infection that results in moist, purulent, yellow crusted sores surrounded by redness
How does fifth disease present?
raised red rash that first appears on cheeks
How does hand, foot and mouth disease present?
small grayish blisters in mouth, on palms and on soles
What is the premise behind herd immunity?
create a highly immune population in an effort to protect those who are unable to be vaccinated
List one general and one specific way to prevent TB
GEN: adequate housing and nutrition
SPECIFIC: screening in high risk communities
What is the treatment for Latent TB
TB skin test positive
-VOLUNTARY isoniazid for 9 months
How is active TB treated?
- isolation, mask until negative sputum
- Treatment takes about a year, and the medications have a lot of side-effects, so there is a high risk for people not completing their antibiotic regime
Differentiate between antigenic DRIFT and antigenic SHIFT
DRIFT: gradual change in strain of virus. Allows time to adapt and prepare The reason why vaccines change each year
SHIFT: sudden shift in healthcare environment that causes endemics
