communicable diseases

Question 1

what’s a communicable disease

Answer 1

a disease that can spread from one person to another.

Question 2

what is a disease?

Answer 2

when the body doesn’t function the way it should due to pathogens which cause disease.

Question 3

true or false? Bacterial cells are alive

Answer 3

true

Question 4

how do bacteria make us ill?

Answer 4

by releasing toxins

Question 5

why can’t a virus be classed as a living cell?

Answer 5

as it can’t reproduce on its own.

Question 6

how does a virus infect our body cells?

Answer 6

invade host cell multiply burst host cell release toxins and repeat.

Question 7

what are the ways pathogens can be spread?

Answer 7

direct contact, contaminated water,airborne

Question 8

how do vectors transmit disease?

Answer 8

through vectors like mosquitoes who transfer malaria.

Question 9

name the 3 viral disease you need to know

Answer 9

measles, HIV, tobacco mosaic virus

Question 10

how are measles spread and what are some of the symptoms.

Answer 10

spread airborne through sneezing and coughing symptoms are high temperatures and a red skin rash although most people don’t get measles as many are vaccinated against it.

Question 11

How is HIV spread?

Answer 11

sexual contact, body fluid ,sharing needles

Question 12

Symptoms of HIV

Answer 12

Everything you experience in a flu but worse.

Question 13

What does tobacco mosaic virus affect and what are the problems it can cause.

Answer 13

black spots are where chlorophyll has been killed off.no chlorophyll=no photosynthesis= no growth = stunting of growth

Question 14

name the 2 bacterial diseases you need to know

Answer 14

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

Question 15

symptoms of salmonella

Answer 15

diarrhoea, fever, stomach cramps, vomiting- Caused by when live animals come into contact disease we can prevent this by cooking food and not eating raw.

Question 16

symptoms of gonorrhoea

Answer 16

painful urination, yellow or green discharge from down under

Question 17

why is ti hard to treat gonorhea with penicillin?

Answer 17

Because it was so overly used in the pasts gonorrhoea strains are now resistant - but we can prevent this all with protection methods.

Question 18

4 ways we can stop gonorrhoea.

Answer 18

protection, hygiene=washing hands, water filtration, destroying vectors., vaccination ,isolate individuals

Question 19

3 things WB cells do

Answer 19

engulf microorganisms and dissolve them, they cab release antibodies and they can produce anti toxins.

Question 20

how do antibodies kill pathogens

Answer 20

antigen joins pathogen-easy to detect-easier to kill for phagocytes-body is ready next time as it saves that antigen for that pathogen.

Question 21

pros and cons of vaccination

Answer 21

• false sense of security and are not 100% secure
• people are scared of needles
• you can have a bad reaction.

+its eradicated a lot of diseases
+if large majority is vaccinated it prevents epidemics

Question 22

do painkiller reduce or cure symptoms?

Answer 22

reduce

Question 23

true or false antibiotics cure viruses?

Answer 23

false

Question 24

what happens if you over use antibiotics or don’t finish the course

Answer 24

you get antibiotics strains of bacteria

Question 25

what is aspirin for and where is t found

Answer 25

it's for painkilling and is a chemical found in willow

Question 26

which drug was extracted from mould by Alexander Fleming

Answer 26

penicillin

Question 27

what are the 3 parts of drug testing

Answer 27

pre-clinical on living tissue 2nd step is on live animals 3rd step is on humans to test for optimum dosage and other side affects.

Question 28

what is a monoclonal-antibody

Answer 28

a clone of a single WB cell

Question 29

where are the B-lymphocytes taken from when making monoclonal antibodies

Answer 29

b-lymphocytes are a type of white blood cell.

Question 30

why might a fluorescent dye be added to a monoclonal antibody?

Answer 30

to test for certain molecules and substances

Question 31

why aren't monoclonal antibodies used as drugs as much as scientists hoped they'd be?

Answer 31

as they cause more side-affects than scientists had originally hoped.

Question 32

what do plants use magnesium ions for?

Answer 32

for making chlorophyll in order to photosynthesise

Question 33

Give 2 ways of identifying a plant disease.

Answer 33

gardening manual or website or use a testing kit

Question 34

Give one mechanical defence a plant may have to defend itself

Answer 34

some plants have thorns and hairs to stop animals from eating them