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2ND SEMESTER_PRELIM > COMNAV > Flashcards

COMNAV Flashcards

1
Q

Who discovered electromagnetic spectrum?

A

SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL

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2
Q

In what year did Sir William Herschel discovered electromagnetic spectrum?

A

1800

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3
Q

Sir William Herschel used what to separate sunlight into its rainbow of colors.

A

GLASS PRISM

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4
Q

It is not visible to naked eye.

A

INFRARED LIGHT

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5
Q

He discovered the UV or ultraviolet light.

A

JOHANN WILHELM RITTER

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6
Q

He developed the Infrared Light.

A

JAMES CLERK MAXWELL

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7
Q

In what year did infrared light discovered?

A

1867

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8
Q

What did Heinrich Hertz discovered?

A

RADIO WAVES

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9
Q

In what year did Heinrich Hertz discovered the radio waves?

A

1887

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10
Q

Who invented the X-Ray?

A

WILHELM CONRAD RONTGEN

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11
Q

X-ray result when a sudden accident happen in experimenting with what?

A

VACUUM TUBES

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12
Q

First called in X-ray

A

X-RADIATION

RONTGEN RAYS

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13
Q

What did Paul Villard discovered?

A

GAMMA RAYS

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14
Q

Who proposed the name of gamma rays?

A

ERNEST RUTHERFORD

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15
Q

It transmit the radio signal.

A

TRANSMITTER

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16
Q

It received the radio signal or radio wave.

A

RECEIVER

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17
Q

It is the energy that travels and spreads out as it goes.

A

RADIATION

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18
Q

Electromagnetic spectrum is the result and composed of what?

A

VIBRATION

OSCILLATION

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19
Q

They are the combination of EM.

A

MAGNETIC FIELD

ELECTRIC FIELD

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20
Q

It is invisible to the human eye.

A

RADIO WAVE

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21
Q

What is the relationship between the frequency and wavelength?

A

INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL

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22
Q

HIGH FREQUENCY = SHORT WAVELENGTH

LOW FREQUENCY = LONG WAVELENGTH

A

HIGH FREQUENCY = SHORT WAVELENGTH

LOW FREQUENCY = LONG WAVELENGTH

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23
Q

It describes as a SERIES OF ENERGY waves composed of oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

A

NON-IONIZING RADIATION

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24
Q

It is a FORM OF ENERGY that acts by removing electrons from atoms and molecules

A

IONIZING RADIATION

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25
Q

It refers to types of radiation carries enough energy to ionize atoms.

A

IONIZING RADIATION

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26
Q

It refers to types of radiation that do not carry enough energy to ionize atoms.

A

NON-IONIZING RADIATION

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27
Q

Extremely Low Frequency

A

3Hz to 30Hz

USED IN SEISMIC ACTIVITIES & VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES

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28
Q

Very Low Frequency

A

SPAN FROM 3KHz to 30KHz

USED IN SUBMARINE & TIME RADIO STATION

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29
Q

Other term for low frequency

A

GROUND WAVES

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30
Q

Low Frequency

A

RANGE OF 30KHz TO 300KHz

USED IN LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATION & AMATEUR RADIO OPERATORS

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31
Q

It is one of the most important sources of information transfer when other kind of communication sources fails during some situations.

A

AMATEUR RADIO OPERTORS

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32
Q

It is one of the most popular frequency bands since the beginning of wireless radio transmission in the early nineteenth century

A

MEDIUM FREQUENCY

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33
Q

Range of Medium Frequency

A

RANGE OF 300 KHz to 3 MHz

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34
Q

It has been widely using in AM radio transmission, navigation systems for ships and aircraft, emergency distress signals, cost guards and other experimental applications.

A

MEDIUM FREQUENCY

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35
Q

High frequency is also known as?

A

SHORT WAVE

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36
Q

Range of high frequency

A

3MHz AND 30MHz

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37
Q

It also gets reflected by earth’s ionosphere and it is one of the suitable band for long distance communication.

A

HIGH FREQUENCY

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38
Q

It is mostly used by aviation industry, near field communication (NFC), government systems, amateur radio operators and weather broadcasting stations.

A

HIGH FREQUENCY

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39
Q

It is one of the most commonly used bands which has an operating range from 30 MHz to 300 MHz.

A

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY

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40
Q

It is widely used in analog TV broadcasting since it has started few decades back.

A

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY

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40
Q

They using frequency between 118 MHz to 137 MHz to communicate.

A

AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLER AND PILOT

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41
Q

It usually affected by big terrains but suitable for short distance communication.

A

VERY HIGH FREQUENCY

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42
Q

It is the most important frequency bands for modern wireless communication systems.

A

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY

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43
Q

It begins from 300 MHz to 3 GHz and extremely complicated to design and implement the system.

A

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY

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44
Q

It has many sub frequency bands, some are restricted and assigned only for particular applications.

A

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY

45
Q

It is used in GPS navigation systems, satellites, pagers, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, television broadcasting, and most importantly GSM, CDMA and LTE mobile transmission.

A

ULTRA HIGH FREQUENCY

46
Q

It is in the range of 3 GHz to 30 GHz.

A

SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY

47
Q

It can only operate in line-of-sight path since any obstruction in between the transmitter and receiving station will break the communication.

A

SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY

48
Q

It is commonly used in point-to-point communication, satellite systems, digital TV broadcasting in Ku band (DTH service – direct to home), Wi-Fi (5GHz channel), microwave ovens and mobile networks.

A

SUPER HIGH FREQUENCY

49
Q

What are suitable between transmitter and antenna due to higher losses of usual RF cables?

A

WAVEGUIDES

50
Q

It is extremely hard in SHF band due to its smaller wavelength and complexity.

A

SYSTEM DESIGN

51
Q

It is the highest in RF frequency spectrum which range between 30 GHz and 300 GHz.

A

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY

52
Q

It is only used in advanced communication systems due to its complex nature and line of sight requirement.

A

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY

53
Q

It is used in radio astronomy and remote sensing (weather analysis).

A

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY

54
Q

It is suggested to use for high-speed internet systems like 5G technology for future transmission networks due to large bandwidth availability.

A

EXTREMELY HIGH FREQUENCY

55
Q

The distance between successive crests of a wave.

A

WAVELENGTH

56
Q

Wave cycles passing a given point in a given period of time

A

FREQUENCY

57
Q

Measured between the crest and the mid-point of a wave

A

AMPLITUDE

58
Q

Two common ways or method to put information in a radio wave

A

A.M. (AMPLITUDE MODULATION)

F.M. (FREQUENCY MODULATION)

59
Q

In this method, the information is put into a radio wave by varying the amplitude.

A

AMPLITUDE MODULATION

60
Q

The amplitude is kept constant, it is the frequency that is varied.

A

FREQUENCY MODULATION

61
Q

It is associated with the PHENOMENA that occur when a wave travels between transmitter and receiver.

A

RADIO WAVE PROPAGATION

62
Q

It is a characteristic of electromagnetic radiation in which two stations can only transmit and receive data signals when they’re in DIRECT VIEW of each other with no obstacles in between.

A

LINE-OF-SIGHT

63
Q

two common examples of LoS communication

A

SATELLITE

MICROWAVE TRANSMISSION

64
Q

It is a term used to describe radio transmission across a path that is PARTIALLY OBSTRUCTED.

A

NON-LINE-OF-SIGHT

65
Q

Other term for non line of sight

A

NEAR-LINE-OF-SIGHT

66
Q

It is a term often used in radio communications to describe a radio channel or link where there is no visual line of sight (LOS) between the transmitting antenna and the receiving antenna.

A

NON-LINE-OF-SIGHT

67
Q

It is also known as surface wave propagation.

A

GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION

68
Q

The radio waves transmit by passing through the semi-conductive surface of the earth

A

GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION

69
Q

This mode of propagation requires vertically polarized waves as the horizontally
polarized waves in this case will get absorbed by the earth.

A

GROUND WAVE PROPAGATION

70
Q

Ground wave propagation’s frequency range

A

30kHz TO 3MHz

71
Q

This type of wave propagation makes use of the upper atmospheric layer i.e., the ionosphere to transmit the radio waves.

A

SKY WAVE PROPAGATION

72
Q

Sky wave propagation is also known as?

A

IONOSPHERIC WAVE PROPAGATION

73
Q

Here the signals radiated by an antenna
BENT BACK towards the earth by getting refracted from the WHAT?

A

IONOSPHERIC LAYER

74
Q

It is also called direct wave propagation and offers a line-of-sight communication.

A

SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION

75
Q

Here the signal from the transmitting antenna PROPAGATES in a straight line towards the receiving antenna.

A

SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION

76
Q

The transmission of a signal between transmitter and receiver is achieved in the tropospheric
region of the atmosphere.

A

SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION

77
Q

The space wave propagation is sometimes referred as?

A

TROPOSPHERIC WAVE PROPAGATION

78
Q

It is sometimes called forward scatter propagation or scatter propagation and is suitable for VHF, UHF and microwaves.

A

TROSPOPHERIC SCATTER PROPAGATION

79
Q

The waves propagate through forward scattering due to the irregularities of the troposphere. This propagation technique uses the properties of the troposphere. This mode offers reliable communication between 160 km to 1600 km.

A

TROSPOPHERIC SCATTER PROPAGATION

80
Q

Tropospheric scatterknown as?

A

TROPOSCATTER

81
Q

It is a method of transmitting and receivingmicrowave radiosignals over considerable distances – often up to 300km.

A

TROPOSPHERIC SCATTER

82
Q

This method of propagation uses the tropospheric scatter phenomenon, where radio waves at particular frequencies are randomly scattered as they pass through the upper layers of thetroposphere(hence troposcatter).

A

TROSPOPHERIC SCATTER PROPAGATION

83
Q

It occurs when a plane wave meets a plane object that is large relative to the
wavelength of the signal.

A

REFLECTION

84
Q

In such cases the wave is reflected with minimal distortion and WITHOUT ANY CHANGES in velocity.
BOUNCE

A

REFLECTION

85
Q

It occurs when a wave moves from one medium into another in which it travels at a different speed.
DISTRIBUTED

A

REFRACTION

86
Q

The effect is similar to that experienced by a beam of light when it encounters a glass prism.
DISTRIBUTED

A

REFRACTION

87
Q

It occurs when a wave meets an edge which has dimensions that are large relative to the wavelength of the signal.

A

DIFFRACTION

88
Q

It occurs when a wave encounters one or more objects in its path having a size that is a fraction of the wavelength of the signal

A

SCATTERING

89
Q

It s the lowest layer of our atmosphere.

A

TROPOSPHERE

90
Q

It extends upward to about 10 km (6.2 miles or about 33,000 feet) above sea level.

A

TROPOSPHERE

91
Q

The infamous ozone layer is found
within this layer of atmosphere.

A

STRATOSPHERE

92
Q

about 50 km (31 miles) above the ground.

A

STRATOSPHERE

93
Q

It extends upward to a height of about 85 km (53
miles) above our planet

A

MESOSPHERE

94
Q

The coldest temperatures in Earth’s atmosphere, about -90° C (-130° F), are found near the top of this layer.

A

MESOSPHERE

95
Q

The air is far too thin to breathe in this layer of the atmosphere.

A

MESOSPHERE

96
Q

High-energy X-rays and UV radiation from the Sun are absorbed in this atmosphere layer, raising its temperature to hundreds or at times thousands of degrees.

A

THERMOSPHERE

97
Q

It can be found anywhere between 500 and 1,000 km (311 to 621 miles) above the ground.

A

THERMOSPHERE

98
Q

The aurora, the Northern Lights and Southern
Lights, occur in the thermosphere.

A

THE AURORA, THE NORTHERN LIGHTS AND SOUTHERN LIGHTS, OCCUR IN THE THERMOSPHERE.

99
Q

It is the uppermost layer of our atmosphere.

A

EXOSPHERE

100
Q

It also consider to be the actual “final frontier” of Earth’s gaseous envelope.

A

EXOSPHERE

101
Q

It somewhere between 100,000 km (62,000
miles) and 190,000 km (120,000 miles) above the surface of Earth.

A

EXOSPHERE

102
Q

The latter value is about halfway to the Moon.

A

EXOSPHERE

103
Q

It is a series of regions in parts of the mesosphere and thermosphere where high-energy radiation from the Sun has knocked electrons loose from their parent atoms and molecules.

A

IONOSPHERE

104
Q

The electrically charged atoms and molecules that are formed in this way are CALLED?

A

IONS

105
Q

It giving the ionosphere its name and endowing this region with some special properties.

A

IONS

106
Q

It is the distance over the Earth’s surface between the point where a radio signal is transmitted, and the point where it is received having travelled to the ionosphere and been refracted back by the ionosphere.

A

SKIP DISTANCE

107
Q

It s a region where a radio transmission can not be received.

A

SKIP ZONE

108
Q

Other term for Skip Zone

A

DEAD ZONE

SILENT ZONE

109
Q

It is a condition that occurs when the same signal arrives at a TV receiver at two different times; the reflected signal travels farther and is WEAKER THAN the direct signal, resulting in double image.

A

GHOSTING

2ND SEMESTER_PRELIM (8 decks)

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