Comp Org. Test 1 - Sheet1

Question 1

What is the architectural area that is most concerned with computation and control?

Answer 1

?

Question 2

Computer Architecture is analogous to a blueprint.

Answer 2

T

Question 3

What is architecture?

Answer 3

The overall organization of a computer system.

Question 4

Voltage can only be measured as the difference between two point.

Answer 4

T

Question 5

Voltage is measured in volts.

Answer 5

T

Question 6

Current is measured in amperes or amps.

Answer 6

T

Question 7

How is voltage measured?

Answer 7

As a difference between two points.

Question 8

What does voltage represent?

Answer 8

The potential force.

Question 9

What does current represent?

Answer 9

The flow of electrons along a path.

Question 10

Voltage is measured in ampers.

Answer 10

F

Question 11

Name the semiconductor that is the mechanism used to control flow of electrical current?

Answer 11

transistor

Question 12

At the lowest level what are all digital system composed of?

Answer 12

transistors

Question 13

What is a transistor?

Answer 13

A mechanism used to control flow of electrical current.

Question 14

When a small, positive current flows through the control connection in a transistor, a large current can flow through the other two connections.

Answer 14

T

Question 15

A single transistor plus a component known as a resistor can implement the Boolean “not”.

Answer 15

T

Question 16

Another name for a Boolean circuit in digital logic is a logic gate.

Answer 16

??

Question 17

It takes fewer transistors to provide the inverse of a Boolean function.

Answer 17

T

Question 18

The transistors can be used to create a gate.

Answer 18

T

Question 19

A nor gate is composed of 6 transistors, 5 resistors, and three diodes?

Answer 19

T

Question 20

In a schematic diagram of a circuit two lines that cross don’t connect unless a solid dot appears where they intersect.

Answer 20

T

Question 21

The electronic parts that implement gates are classified as Transistor-Transistor Logic(TTL) because the output transistors in each gate are designed to connect directly to input transistors in other gates.

Answer 21

T

Question 22

What is a flip-flop?

Answer 22

A part that responds to the history of inputs.

Question 23

What is a combinatorial circuit?

Answer 23

The output is a Boolean combination of input values. The output only changes when an input value changes.

Question 24

Receiving an input of 0 causes the flip-flop to change the output from the current state to the opposite state.

Answer 24

F

Question 25

The single flip-flop only offers two possible output values: 0 or 1.

Answer 25

T

Question 26

Most flip-flops include an additional input called a reset that places the output in a state of zero.

Answer 26

F

Question 27

Counters, like flip-flops, often have an additional input used to reset them to zero.

Answer 27

F

Question 28

When does the output transition occur?

Answer 28

On the leading edge of the input chagne.

Question 29

The falling edge is a transition from one to zero.

Answer 29

T

Question 30

A binary counter has multiple outputs.

Answer 30

T

Question 31

Hertz: 1 cycle per second

Answer 31

T

Question 32

What is the clock?

Answer 32

Hardware that allows hardware to operate without requiring the input to change.

Question 33

What does a clock allow?

Answer 33

It allows hardware to operate without requiring the input to change.

Question 34

What is the speed of a clock measured in?

Answer 34

Hertz

Question 35

A Hertz is the number of times per second the clock cycles through a 1 followed by a 0.

Answer 35

T

Question 36

What is a demultiplexor?

Answer 36

A single integrated circuit that maps between a binary value and a set of outputs.

Question 37

When does the operation of a clock start?

Answer 37

when the clock changes from logical 0 to logical 1.

Question 38

What does feedback allow?

Answer 38

It allows the results of processing to affect the way a circuit behaves.

Question 39

The hardware can not be built to perform iteration, doing so is difficult, and the resulting hardware is clumsy.

Answer 39

T

Question 40

What is replication?

Answer 40

Creating multiple copies of the underlying gates, and allows each copy to act on one item.

Question 41

Replication makes the resulting hardware less elegant than hardware that uses iteration.

Answer 41

F

Question 42

The amount of heat generated is proportional to the amount of power consumed, so a small integrated circuit generates a small amount of heat.

Answer 42

T

Question 43

The gate does not act instantly.

Answer 43

T

Question 44

A signal requires one nanosecond to propagate across one foot of wire.

Answer 44

T

Question 45

Integrated circuits are often created using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology.

Answer 45

T

Question 46

At the lowest level, a transistor is created from silicon.

Answer 46

T

Question 47

What is Moore’s Law?

Answer 47

the number of transistors per square inch will double every year.

Question 48

What are multi-layer circuit boards?

Answer 48

Allows wiring in three dimensions.

Question 49

Designing an ASIC is expensive and time-consuming.

Answer 49

T

Question 50

What are the five levels of abstraction in digital logic as given in our text?

Answer 50

Computer, circuit board, processor, VLSI chip, gate, transistor.

Question 51

What is the main point of digital logic?

Answer 51

abstraction

Question 52

What are the two possible conditions for digital logic cirtuits?

Answer 52

Off and on.

Question 53

What are the other ways "off" is represented?

Answer 53

zero volts

Question 54

What are the other ways "on" is represented?

Answer 54

five volts

Question 55

Every computer system defines a byte with 4 bits.

Answer 55

F

Question 56

What is a byte?

Answer 56

the smallest data item larger than a bit that the hardware can manipulate.

Question 57

Who defines the size of a byte?

Answer 57

the architect who designs the computer.

Question 58

What do most modern computer systems dife a byte as?

Answer 58

eight bits

Question 59

hexadecimal encodes each group of four bits as a single hex digit between zero and fifteen.

Answer 59

T

Question 60

If you have 32 bits how many possible combination of bits do you have?

Answer 60

2^32

Question 61

Binary constants begin with the prefix 0b

Answer 61

T

Question 62

What is the Decimal number of 1110

Answer 62

14

Question 63

What is the decimal "912,559" in hexadecimal?

Answer 63

DECAF

Question 64

The prefix hex constants with what?

Answer 64

0x

Question 65

Binary constants begin with the prefix 0b

Answer 65

T

Question 66

Each computer system defines a character set to be a set of symbols that the computer and I/O devices understand.

Answer 66

T

Question 67

Computer architects choose a character set such that each character fits into a byte.

Answer 67

T

Question 68

What is an unsigned integer?

Answer 68

Eack of 2^k combinations of bits is associated with a nonnegative numeric value.

Question 69

Big endian characterizes a system that numbers bytes of an integer from least-significant.

Answer 69

F

Question 70

Memory is bit addressable storage.

Answer 70

T??

Question 71

What occurs if an unsigned integer produces more than the number of bits it has to represent?

Answer 71

overflow

Question 72

What is the little endian?

Answer 72

A system that numbers bytes of an integer from least-significant.

Question 73

Big endian characterizes a system that numbers bytes of an integer from least-significant.

Answer 73

F

Question 74

One’s Complement. A single set of bits is used. To form a negative number, start with a positive number, subtract one, and the revers each bit.

Answer 74

F

Question 75

What three interpretations have been used to accommodate negative number using binary?

Answer 75

Single-magnitude, one's comlement, two's complement

Question 76

The two's complement of (base10) 12 is -4

Answer 76

F

Question 77

List the two sets of bits which the floating point value consists?

Answer 77

???

Question 78

The IEEE standard specifies that the value store in the exponent field consists of the true exponent plus a bias constant.

Answer 78

T

Question 79

Floating point representations do store the leading bit of the mantissa.

Answer 79

F

Question 80

The bias constant used with single precision is 147.

Answer 80

F

Question 81

Double precision floating point numbers are composed of a bias constant bit, 11 exponent bits, and 52 mantissa bits.

Answer 81

F

Question 82

What does using a bias allow exponents to be?

Answer 82

Allows them to be negative

Question 83

How is a floating point number noramlized?

Answer 83

By adjusting the exponent to eliminate leading zeros from the mantissa.

Question 84

Floating point representations do store the leading bit of the mantissa.

Answer 84

F

Question 85

The bias constant used with single precision is 147.

Answer 85

T

Question 86

What does using a bias allow exponents to be?

Answer 86

Negative.

Question 87

How is positive and negative infinity represented in floating point by the IEEE.

Answer 87

The exponent contains all ones and the mantissa contains all zeros.

Question 88

IEEE standard follows the implicit leading bit assumption. A mantissa is assumed to have a leading one bit that is not stored. However, when all bits are zero what happens to the mantissa?

Answer 88

The implicit assumption is ignored, and the stored value is taken to be zero.

Question 89

What is the range for IEEE standard for single precision floating point exponents?

Answer 89

-127 and 128

Question 90

What is the Unicode?

Answer 90

An extension of ASCII and plans to accommodate all languages.