Comp Sci Ch 1, Ch 2 Flashcards by Wendy Vargas

What is a program?

a set of instructions executing at one time

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What is a variable?

holds a value, stores it in memory

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What is an algorithm?

a sequence of instructions that solve a problem

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What are the 1st two lines of code?

include <isostream></isostream>

using namespace std;

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What outputs onto screen?

cout «

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What gets input?

cin&raquo_space;

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What does an int hold?

an integer value

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What starts the main function?

main () and everything inside {}

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What ends a program?

return 0;

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What starts a new line?

endl; or /n

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What is a single line comment?

//text

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What is a multi line comment?

/* text */

/*text
*text
*text */

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What makes a program more readble?

whitespace

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What is a syntax error?

violates programming language

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How should you fix errors?

one at a time and compile

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What is a logic error?

a bug, your sequencing or math is wrong

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What is a bit?

a switch, binary digits, 0 and 1

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What is a ciruit?

a connection of switches

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What is a memory?

instructions and data stored in 0s and 1s in thousands of addressed locations

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What is a processor?

executes instructions of program

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What are machine instructions?

instructions represented in 0s and 1s

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What is an executable program?

sequence of machine instructions

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What are assembly language instructions?

translate high level (words and numbers) language to executable programs

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What is moore’s law?

the doubling of integrated circuits capacity every 18 months

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How many bits in a byte?

8 bits = 1 byte

Binary has a power of...

What does an assignment do?

assigns a variable a value

What are the rules for identifiers/variable names?

-sequence of letters, underscores, and digits - start with letter or underscore - no spaces or special characters -case sensitive

What is a reserved word?

key word that is part of the language and cannot be used as an identifier

What is an expression?

individual item or combination that evaluates to a value

What is a literal?

a specific value in code

What is a floating point number?

- a real number with a decimal point -measures measurements and fractions of countable items

What are the ways to force a computer to see a data type differently?

1. change literal data type 2. multiply by literal of that data type (times 1.0 goes first) 3.force it into a variable of that data type 4. use type casting

What happens when you divide a floating point number by 0?

NaN, not a number

What is data cast?

changing the number of places after the decimal cout << fixed << setprecision(2) << myFloat;

How do you initialize a constant variable?

const type NAME_OF_VAR;

What is used to enable math functions?

#include

What is an argument?

any function input values appearing within (), separated by a comma if more than one

What is the function of square root of x?

sqrt(x)

Function of a float absolute value and abosolute value

fabs(x) and abs(s)

Power function of x to the power of y

pow(x,y)

Round up and round down functions

ceil and floor

What happens with integer division?

does not generate a fraction and throws out remainder

What happens with floating point number and integer division?

floating point division does not throw out remainder like integer division

The second operand of / and % must never be..

What does Modulo do?

returns the remainder of the

Modulo cannot handle..

doubles

How do you shift a value right?

dividing by a power of 10, the number of 0s is the places moved

How do you get the rightmost digits?

% by a power of 10, the number of 0s is how many digits

What is type casting?

converting a value of a type to another static_cast(expression) to use newVar = that above then use newVar in expressions or use directly when couting

What does char store?

a single character in single quotes

How is a character internally stored?

in ASCII, a number

A's number and a's ASCII number are..

65 and 97

What are escape sequences? and what are the 5

used when special character would be read differently \n - new line \t- tab \' - single quote \" - double quotes \\ - backslash -are used inside " "

What does string hold?

A collection of characters surround by "

What should be enable to use strings?

#include

With whitespace input you need...

multiple cin >>

To get a whole line of input...

getline(cin, stringVar)

What are the 8 bit values?

128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2, 1 from 2 to the power of 0 increasing the power by 1 each time

What is overflow?

a value type holding more than its maximum value

What is unsigned?

use when we know a value will always be positive prepend unsigned to type and varName

When debugging...

fix one thing at a time and compile computer reads from left to right comment out insert cout <<

Comp Sci Ch 1, Ch 2 Flashcards

(62 cards)