PB 1 MID, ch 1, ch 2, ch 12, ch 3 Flashcards
(57 cards)
Public Health- 2 definitions
The science and the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting health through organized community efforts (WINSLOW)
The totality of all evidence-based public and private efforts throughout the life cycle that preserve and promote health and prevent disease, disability, and death (KIRKWOOD)
Six historical eras
Health Protection
Hygiene Movement
Contagion Control
Filling Holes in the Medical System
Health promotion and disease prevention
Population Health (2000s)-
Health Protection
1
Antiquity - 1830s) - control based on individual and 1
community behaviors
Hygiene Movement
2
(1840-1870s) - sanitary condition as a foundation for improved health
Contagion Control
3
(1880-1940s) - germ theory of disease; demonstration of infectious origins of disease
Filling Holes in the Medical System
4
(1950s - mid1980s) - integration of control of communicable diseases, risk factor modification, and care of high risk populations as part of medical care
Health promotion and disease prevention
5
mid1980s-2000s)- focus on individual behavior and disease detection in vulnerable populations
Population Health
6
(2000s)- coordination of public health and healthcare delivery based on evidence based, systems thinking, holistic interdisciplinary thinking of multiple contributing factors to health
Levels of prevention- base to top
Primordial Prevention
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
Primordial Prevention
targets social and economic policies affecting health, what is creating this
Primary Prevention
targets risk factors leading to injury/disease
Secondary Prevention
prevents injury/disease once exposure to risk factors occurs but still in early preclinical stage
Tertiary Prevention
rehabilitating persons with disease/injury to reduce complication
Population Health approach
- Health issues - physical and mental, health behaviors
- Populations - expands beyond geographic confines and forces us to consider ideas of global community
- Society’s shared health concerns- toxic exposures from physical environment or risk factors like climate change, cost of healthcare, transportation safety
- Vulnerable groups- mothers and children, people with high risk occupations, disabled, elderly, poor or uninsured, people with genetic vulnerabilities, marginalized groups
BIG GEMS
what caused the cause that affects health
behavior
infection, genetics, geography, environment, medical care, socioeconomic-cultural
Contributory causes how established
- Potential cause is associated with the potential effect, a correlation
- Potential cause precedes the potential effect, does time ordering exist
- Altering the potential cause, alters the potential effect
Risk factors
an exposure that increases the probability of developing disease
High risk approach
people with the highest probability of getting a disease and aims to bring their risk close to the levels that are experienced by the rest of population
Improve the average approach
aim to reduce risk for everybody assuming that everyone is at some degree if risk
Demographic Transition
impact of falling childhood rates and extended life spans on the size and age distribution
Epidemiologic Transition
social and economic development occurs, so different types of disease become prominent
Nutritional Transition
implies that countries frequently move from poorly balanced diets to a diet of highly processed food
The 3 core functions that governmental public health agencies need to perform
- Assessment - obtains data that defines the overall population and specific groups within the population
- Policy development - develop evidence based recommendation and other analyses of options to guide implementation
- Assurance - governments public health’s responsibility ensuring that key components of an effective health system are in place even they won’t perform the implementation
Framework for viewing governmental public health agencies & their complex connections
look at diagram in study guide for answer
