Flashcards in Comp Sci Ch. 1 Notes Deck (80)
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Who was the first programmer?
Ada Lovelace
1
What was the first computer?
Eniac
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Why was the eniac built?
To help the allies in WWII
3
Had the eniac been out off, what would happen to modern computers?
We wouldn't have them
4
Analog is ____
Digital is ____
Continuous, finite
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What does a pit represent on a cd?
A 1
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What does the smooth area of a cd represent?
A 0
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How does RGB make colors?
It has 1-255 numbers for each shade of a color
8
Why do we use binary?
It is cheap and reliable
9
What doubles with every new bit?
The total possible
Combinations
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What increases with the usage of more bits?
The accuracy of the end product
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What matches in ASCII?
Letters and symbols to numbers
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What is the advantage of Unicode?
It has more characters and bits than ASCII, allowing Chinese writing
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What is an input
Device?
Keyboard, mouse
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What is an output device?
A monitor
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What is a communication device?
A router or modem
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What does a CPU do?
Fetches, decodes, and executes instructions
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Where does a CPU fetch data from?
The ram
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What are the three parts of a CPU?
The arithmetic/logic unit, control unit, and registers
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What controls the CPU?
The system clock
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What does the system clock do?
Sends electric pulses at regular intervals
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What is the main memory?
Ram
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What is RAM aka?
Direct access memory
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How many bits are in a byte?
8
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What does defragmentation do?
Moves fragmented files so they are continuous
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What are the direct access portions of computers?
Ram and rom
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Who invented the idea behind the computer?
Babbage
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How does a cd work?
By reflecting a laser off of a disc
28
What is the Nyquist-Shannon theorem?
Sample at a rate twice that of the frequency... 40kHz
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How many bits are in a cd sample?
16
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How many times per second is a higher quality cd sampled?
65,536
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What is moore's law?
We can double the number of transistors on a chip every 2 years
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What is a transistor?
Building block of a computer
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Who was Gordon Moore?
The co founder of intel
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What machines use artificial intellegance?
Watson, deep blue, clever bot, spam filters, google car
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What is the turning test?
Alan. Tests machines ability to be like a human
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What is the middle man in data transfers?
The modem
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What is a point to point/mesh network?
All computers are connected I each other
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What is a bus connection?
Computers that share a single
Connection line
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What is a wide area network?
Multiple interconnected LAN's
40
What is ARPA!
Advanced research projects agency
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How many people are connected to the Internet?
2.2 billion
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What does TCP stand for?
Transmission control protocol
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What does IP stand for?
Internet protocol
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How does TCP help if something gets messed up?
The messed up bits are resent
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What is a problem with UDP?
If somehing is messed up, you're sol
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What is a top level domain?
.com/.org ect
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How many bits are in an IPv4 address?
32
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How many bits are in an IPv6 address?
128
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What is DNS?
Domain name system, translates a URL to an ip address
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What is hypermedia?
Web document links other web documents
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What does URL mean?
Uniform resource locator
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What does HTML stand for?
Hyper text markup language
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What is an advantage to object oriented code?
When a project gets large, it can be broken down into manageable parts
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How is code reused in object oriented code?
You kind of make templates and build off of them
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What must each class in java contain?
1 or more methods
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What does a method contain?
Program statements, like what is actually being done.
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What does a java app always have?
The main method
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What happens to comments in javadoc?
They are saved to a separate document
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What is white space?
Extra spaces
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What do you need to be careful of with java?
Letter cases
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What is an identifier?
Words a programmer uses in a program
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What levels are there of language levels?
Machine, assembly, high level, fourth generation
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What is specific to each CPU?
It's machine language
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What does assembly level allow for?
Some symbolic programming
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What does high level language require?
A compiler to translate high level to assembly level
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What levels are readable by humans?
High level and 4th
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Where is the fourth level usually used?
Commercial sector
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What is source code?
The basic code for a computer language
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Why does java use byte code?
It is not machine specific
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What is the I remediate step in java code?
Translating to byte code
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What is a syntax rule?
What we do to make sure a program is properly executed
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What is semantics?
Defining what a program statement actually means
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What is a compile time error?
Forgetting a brace or anything that has to do with the code
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What is a run time error?
Something that causes code to crash
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What is a logical error?
We messed up the code but everything runs fine, just giving incorrect output
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How many bits are in a pixel color?
8
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How many bits are there total in a pixel?
24
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How many shades of a color exist?
255
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