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IB Computer science > Comp Sci Systems 2 > Flashcards

Comp Sci Systems 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Legacy System

A

An old technology or computer system

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2
Q

Legacy System Compatibility

A

Operating systems. data formats. hardware

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3
Q

Legacy System (lack of) replacement

A

Still work well. too costly to develop new system. users are comfortable

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4
Q

In House hosting

A

+Low ongoing costs. full control. all data is kept within the organization -High initial cost. technical skills required to maintain

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5
Q

Outsourced hosting

A

+Low initial cost. no technical skill required -High ongoing cost. loss of full control. security risk

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6
Q

Installation Processes

A

Parallel running. pilot running. phased conversion. direct changeover

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7
Q

Data migration

A

The process of moving data from one system to another. usually an older system to a newer one.

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8
Q

Data migration issues

A

Incompatible file formats. data structures. validation rules Incomplete data transfer international conventions on dates. currencies and character sets

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9
Q

Testing

A

Debugging. alpha testing. beta testing. black-box testing. white box testing. unit testing. system testing. acceptance testing. automated testing

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10
Q

Debugging

A

Ongoing. happens during development

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11
Q

Alpha testing

A

the first stage of testing. done by the programmers themselves

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12
Q

Beta Testing

A

Later testing. done by future users when the system is almost finalised

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13
Q

Black-box testing

A

testing what the system is supposed to do. from the point of view of the user. with no knowledge of how the program does what it does

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14
Q

White-box testing

A

testing the system from the point of view of the programmer. with full knowledge of how it does what it does

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15
Q

Unit testing

A

testing the modules or components of the system separately

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16
Q

System testing

A

Testing the system as a whole

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17
Q

Acceptance testing

A

The last testing phase once the system is delivered to the user

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18
Q

Automated testing

A

Using software to test software

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19
Q

Importance of user documentation

A

Installation. operation. troubleshooting. sample data and screens. easing transition from legacy systems

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20
Q

Methods of providing user documentation

A

Paper manuals. online manuals. interactive tutorials. dedicated support teams

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21
Q

Paper manuals

A

Dont need to be near a computer need multiple copies

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22
Q

Online manuals

A

Can make use of rich media Can search Always available

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23
Q

Interactive Tutorials

A

Makes the learning process more interesting

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24
Q

Dedicated support teams

A

can give accurate focused assistance increases salary bill

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25
Q

Methods of delivering user training

A

self-study. formal classes. online training. blogs. wikis. forums. FAQ’s. getting feedback from users

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26
Q

Self-study

A

Slow. boring and inauthentic

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27
Q

Formal classes

A

Make users feel more secure and involved.

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28
Q

Online training

A

Reduce travel costs. but can cause time zone issues

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29
Q

Causes of data loss

A

virus. malware. nautral disasters. hardware failure. user error. physical damage. power failure. back-ups are essential to prevent data loss

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30
Q

Consequences of data loss

A

Business activities may have to be suspended. damages the organization’s reputation. cost to replace data

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31
Q

How to prevent data loss

A

Back up. antivirus. failover and redundancy

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32
Q

Back up

A

removable media (USB). cheap simple to install. large capacity. easy to move offsite. Offsite: take back-ups in case of disasters Online: Always available. requires internet connection. possible security risk

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33
Q

Antivirus

A

Prevent malware from deleting/editing data

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34
Q

Failover and redundancy

A

Redundant system is a clone of an existing that is kept up-to-date in case the primary fails. Failover is the process of detecting a failure of the primary system and switching users to the redundant system.

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35
Q

Software life cycle

A

Continuous monitoring. testing. bug fixing and re-development.

36
Q

Hardware

A

The machines. wiring. and other physical components of a computer or other electronic system

37
Q

software

A

the instructions and data that can be stored electronically in a computer system

38
Q

Peripheral

A

A computer device such as a CD-ROm drive that is not part of the main computer but which is added to provide some extra function

39
Q

Network

A

A group of two or more computers linked

40
Q

Human resources

A

the personnel of a business or organization. especially when regarded as a significant asset.

41
Q

Networked world: Client

A

A computer on a network that makes requests to a server

42
Q

Server

A

A computer on a network that listens to and responds to requests from clients

43
Q

Email server

A

A computer on a network dedicated to sending and receiving email

44
Q

DNS server

A

Domain name service. a computer on a network that translates between user-friendly names of network resources and their numerical IP address.

45
Q

Router

A

A computer on a network that is responsible for sending network packets to the right host. subnet or network

46
Q

Firewall

A

A computer on a network that limits the flow of data packets for a number of different reasons including: port number. application. content

47
Q

Stakeholder

A

is any person or organization that is actively involved in a project. or whose interests may be affected by the execution of a project

48
Q

Methods of obtaining requirements from stakeholders

A

surveys. interviews. direct observations

49
Q

surveys

A

+get information from a lot of people quickly -may not ask the right questions

50
Q

interviews

A

+Stakeholders can make you aware of things you hadn’t thought of. unlike with survey in which their answers are restricted -Time consuming. might be biased

51
Q

Direct observation

A

+avoids bias -time consuming

52
Q

How to arrive at workable solution

A

Examine current system. competing products. consult experts within the organisation. literature search

53
Q

Design notation

A

structure diagrams. systems flowcharts. data flow diagrams

54
Q

Structure diagram

A

Just shows how something can be broken down. doesnt imply sequence

55
Q

Data flow diagram

A

Very specific and takes a long time to construct them

56
Q

Systems flowchart

A

Need to consider inputs. processing and outputs. often x shaped. inputs at the top. processing in the middle. outputs at the bottom

57
Q

Purpose of prototypes

A

Allows user to give immediate feedback. gives a client a better sense of what the software will be as it is easier to understand a prototype than a written explanation. allows developer to verify that he understands the requirements. allows the client to change requirements before fully developing. reduces costs. saves time

58
Q

Importance of iteration during the desing process

A

Users might find. bugs. unfulfilled requirements. new requirements and improvements

59
Q

Consequences of failing to involve the user in the design process

A

Increased chance that the software is designed inappropriately. in this case the client might not end up using the software. wasted development cost and reduced productivity.

60
Q

Usability

A

The notion of how easy a system is to learn and use

61
Q

Learnability

A

How easy is it for users to accomplish basic tasks the first time they encounter the design?

62
Q

Efficiency

A

Once users have learned the design. how quickly can they perform tasks?

63
Q

Memorability

A

When users return to the design after a period of not using it. how easily can they reestablish proficiency?

64
Q

Errors

A

How many errors do users make. how severe are these errors. and how easily can they recover from the errors?

65
Q

Satisfaction

A

How pleasant is it to use the design?

66
Q

Ergonomics

A

designing and arranging things people use so that the people and things interact most efficiently and safely

67
Q

Accessibility

A

The ability of people to access and benefit from some system. Often people with disabilities or special needs

68
Q

Range of usability problems

A

Confusing navigation Lack of help No search facility Small. fiddly buttons Too complex. too many functions

69
Q

Measures to improve accessibily of systems

A

Touch screen Voice recognition Text-to-speech Braille keyboard Screen magnifier Font adjustment and zoom

70
Q

Usability problems: Ticketing

A

Time zone issues

71
Q

Usability problems: Online payroll

A

Internet downtime. currency dependant

72
Q

Usability problems: Scheduling

A

time zone issues

73
Q

Usability problems: Voice recognition

A

Can’t understand accents/languages or speech-impaired users

74
Q

Usability problems: Systems that provide feedback

A

Feedback not provided in a usable format. Compatibility.

75
Q

SDLC

A

Asses needs. design specifications. Design/develop/test software. implement systems. support operations. evaluate performance

76
Q

Linear search

A

examines each element in order until the desired element is found

77
Q

Binary search

A
  • examines the middle element and moves left if the desired element is less than the middle or right is the desired element is greater - more effective than linear search - the key is the value you are searching for
78
Q

Dynamic data structures

A

memory is allocated dynamically there may be overflow or underflow if allocations are exceeded most efficient use of memory as it uses as much as it needs harder to program as program needs to keep track of data size

79
Q

Static data structures

A

memory size is fixed no problems during run time with memory allocations might waste memory space easier to program

80
Q

Singly linked list

A
  • Contains a link element called first - Each link is linked with its next node using the next link - The last node carries a link to null to mark the end of the list - Traversal is only linear
81
Q

Doubly linked list

A
  • Contains a link element called first and last - Each link carries data fields to the next or previous link fields - Each link is linked with its next node using the next link - Each link is linked with previous node using the previous link - The last node carries a link to null to mark the end of the list - 2 way traversal
82
Q

Doubly circular linked list

A
  • The next pointer of the last node points to the first node - The previous pointer of the first node points to the last node making it circular in both directions
83
Q

Pros of linked lists

A
  • Flexible Size - Simple insertion and deletion of nodes - Easy to implement stacks and queues
84
Q

Cons of linked lists

A
  • Additional memory usage due to pointers - Sequential access only - Nodes are stored in an unconnected fashion. which slows down access speeds
85
Q

binary tree traversal

A
  • In order (LDR) - Pre Order (DLR) - Post Order (LRD)

IB Computer science (18 decks)

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