Companion Animal Zoonoses

Question 1

What is the difference between anthropozoonosis and zooanthroponosis?

Answer 1

Anthropozoonosis- animals to humans (reservoir in animals can infect humans)
Zooanthroponosis- humans to animals

Question 2

How can zoonoses be spread?

Answer 2

Aerosol (fresh air and space prevents)
Direct contact (prevent bites/scratches)
Indirect contact (hygiene around urine/faeces)
Vector borne (insecticides, careful removal of ticks)
Food borne ( wash food, keep pets away from food)

Question 3

Name 5 common zoonoses viruses?

Answer 3

Cowpox- occasionally cats- direct
Rabies- various species- direct
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus- rodents- direct
Orf- occassionally dogs and cats- direct
Influenza- various species- direct/indirect
Hantavirus- rats- indirect/aerosol
Louping ill- occasional dogs- vector

Question 4

Name 5 common bacterial zoonoses of companion animals?

Answer 4

Anthrax
Cat scratch disease (bartonella henselae)
Leptospirosis
Campylobacter
E. coli
Salmonella

Question 5

Who are the risk factors of ringworm?

Answer 5

Young animals
Catteries
Breed disposition

Question 6

What parasites can be passed from animals to humans?

Answer 6

Nematodes- Toxocara canis (infection unlikely)
Cestodes- Ehinococcus granulosus
Protozoa- Cryptosporidosis, Giardiasis, toxoplasma gondii

Question 7

How can toxacara canis transmission be prevented?

Answer 7

Regular worming treatment

Question 8

How can echinococcuys granulosus be prevented?

Answer 8

Prevent dogs getting access to infected material- meat inspection from abattoirs, remove carcasses from pastures, don’t feed raw meat

Question 9

What is the definitive host of toxoplasma gondii and how can it be prevented?

Answer 9

Cats definitive host

Prevention- hygiene, care around litter, don’t feed raw meats