Compare and Contrast the bacteria that cause Anthrax and Botulism.

Question 1

Bacillus shape.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 1

Both

Question 2

Gram Reaction: G+

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 2

Both

Question 3

Spore Former?

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 3

Both

Question 4

Oxygen Requirement? Strict Aerobe

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 4

Anthrax

Question 5

Oxygen Requirement? Strict Anaerobe

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 5

Botulism

Question 6

It Grows in the Human Body.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 6

Anthrax

Question 7

Does not grow in the human body.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 7

Botulism

Question 8

Is It Contagious?

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 8

neither

Question 9

Exotoxin, Uses Macrophages to Spread Through Body via vascular system

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 9

Anthrax

Question 10

Exotoxin – Strongest Known Toxin
Neurotoxin

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 10

Botulism

Question 11

Toxin Characteristics: Colorless, Tasteless, Odorless

Answer 11

both

Question 12

Toxin Effects:Causes Tissue Swelling & Hemorrhage

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 12

Anthrax

Question 13

Toxin Effects:Causes Flaccid Paralysis; Destroys Neuromuscular Junctions

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 13

Botulism

Question 14

Cause of Death: Respiratory Failure

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 14

Botulism

Question 15

Cause of Death:Circulatory Failure

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 15

Anthrax

Question 16

Death Rate:Cutaneous: 20% (Untreated)
Gastrointestinal: 50% (Untreated)
Inhalation: 90% (Untreated), 30% (Treated)
Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 16

Anthrax

Question 17

Death Rate: All Forms:
2-3% (Treated)
~60 - 70% (Untreated)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 17

Botulism

Question 18

Incubation Time:1-6 Days
(Up to 60 Days for Inhalation______)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 18

Anthrax

Question 19

Incubation Time:6 Hours to 10 Days
(Average: 1.5 Days)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 19

Botulism

Question 20

The Relevant Part for Biowarfare Is:Exotoxin (Most powerful toxin known to science; the bacteria themselves are otherwise useless.)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 20

Botulism

Question 21

The Relevant Part for Biowarfare Is: Bacterial Spores (When inhaled, they germinate and cause infection.)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 21

Anthrax

Question 22

Can It Be Aerosolized (Distributed Through Air?) Yes, easily

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 22

Anthrax

Question 23

Can It Be Aerosolized (Distributed Through Air?) Yes, but not very effectively: the toxin breaks down in sunlight.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 23

Botulism

Question 24

How Stable is it as a Bioweapon? Very Stable – Spores are VERY hard to kill and most standard methods won’t kill them.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 24

Anthrax

Question 25

How Stable is it as a Bioweapon? Average (Not Very) – Air kills the bacteria, heat and sunlight will destroy Toxin. Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 25

Botulism

Question 26

Must be burned and buried with lime; or killed with strong bleach. Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 26

Anthrax

Question 27

Cook at 185°F for 10 minutes to destroy toxin Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 27

Botulism

Question 28

How Available is it for Bioweapon Use? Very Available – Found in Nature and Labs Worldwide Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 28

Anthrax

Question 29

How Available is it for Bioweapon Use? Very Available – Found in Nature Worldwide Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 29

Botulism

Question 30

Vaccine Available? Yes: 4-Shot Series Only Given to Military/High-Risk Personnel Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 30

Botulism

Question 31

Vaccine Available? Yes: 6-Shot Series w/ Annual Booster Only given to Military/High-Risk Personnel (High-Level Micro Lab Workers, Etc.) Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 31

Anthrax

Question 32

Treatment? Antibiotics – 60-Day Round of any of these: Cipro Tetracycline Penicillin Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 32

Anthrax

Question 33

Treatment? Antibiotic: Cipro (for bacteria ONLY) Antitoxin: Antiserum w/ anti-toxin antibodies (Passive Artificial Immunity) Adult Antitoxin: Equine Heptavalent Infant Antitoxin: Human Antiserum (BIG) Treatment generally includes long-term supportive care, possible use of ventilator or breathing machine Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 33

Botulism

Question 34

Can it be used Therapeutically / As a Medicine? Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

Answer 34

Botulism