comparison of approaches

Question 1

Views on Development: the processes that underpin learning are continuous

Answer 1

behaviourist

Question 2

Nature vs. Nurture: babies are blank slates at birth and all behaviour is learned from the environment

Answer 2

behaviourist

Question 3

Reductionist: reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units

Answer 3

behaviourist

Question 4

Determinism: all behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces we cannot control

Answer 4

behaviourist

Question 5

abnormality rises from faulty learning processes

Answer 5

behaviourist

Question 6

Views on Development: the processes that underpin learning are continuous

Answer 6

social learning

Question 7

Nature vs. Nurture: all behaviour is learned from the environment with the addition of imitation and observation

Answer 7

social learning

Question 8

Reductionist: recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment

Answer 8

social learning

Question 9

Determinist: we are influenced by our environment but also act upon it (reciprocal determinism)

Answer 9

social learning

Question 10

modelling explains abnormal behaviour such as aggression

Answer 10

social learning

Question 11

Development: stage theory to development, belief that a child’s schema becomes more complex as they grow

Answer 11

cognitive

Question 12

Nature vs. Nurture: many of our information processes and schema are innate but refined by the environment

Answer 12

cognitive

Question 13

Reductionism: use of the computer analogy that ignores the effects of stimuli such as emotion

Answer 13

cognitive

Question 14

Determinsim: suggests we can choose our behaviour, but only within the limits of what we already know

Answer 14

cognitive

Question 15

CBT used to treat abnormalities such as Depression, to eradicate faulty thinking

Answer 15

cognitive

Question 16

Development: all behaviour is influenced by expression of genetics

Answer 16

biological

Question 17

Nature vs. Nurture: all behaviour comes from our gentetic blueprint (genotype) but the expression of this is influenced by our phentoype

Answer 17

biological

Question 18

Reductionism: reduces and explains all human behaviour to genetic and neurone level

Answer 18

biological

Question 19

Determinism: most of our behaviour is governed by genetically innate influences (genetic determinism)

Answer 19

biological

Question 20

psychoactive drugs to regulate chemical imbalances in the brain

Answer 20

biological

Question 21

Development: most coherent theory of development where stages are connected to ages, there is no change after the genital stage

Answer 21

psychodynamic

Question 22

Nature vs. Nurture: most of our behaviour is driven by innate biological elements but relationship with the parents is crucial

Answer 22

psychodynamic

Question 23

Reductionism: reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives but also sees personality as holistic interaction between Id, Ego, and Superego

Answer 23

psychodynamic

Question 24

Determinism: unconscious thoughts drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious mind

Answer 24

psychodynamic

Question 25

abnormality stems from unconscious conflicts and overuse of defence mechanisms, psychoanalysis aims to put people in touch with their unconscious

Answer 25

psychodynamic

Question 26

Development: ongoing throughout life, childhood is crucial

Answer 26

humanistic

Question 27

Nature vs. Nurture: parents, friends and wider society have a critical impact on a person's self-concept

Answer 27

humanistic

Question 28

Reductionist: aims to be anti-reductionist and takes a fully holistic approach to the individual

Answer 28

humanistic

Question 29

Determinism: all humans have free-will and are active agents in their own lives and determine their own development

Answer 29

humanistic

Question 30

humanistic therapy, is based on the idea that reducing incongruence will stimulate personal growth and reduce mental abnormalities

Answer 30

humanistic