memory Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

found that STM coded acoustically while LTM coded semantically

A

baddeley

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2
Q

studied digit span and found that the capacity of STM is 7.3 letters and 9.3 numbers

A

jacobs

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3
Q

studied digit span and found that STM capacity was 5-9 items, but could be increased by chunking

A

miller

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4
Q

studied duration of STM using consonant syllables and found that recall after 18 seconds was 3%

A

peterson and peterson

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5
Q

studied duration of LTM by using a recognition task using classmates and found that when recognising faces, recall was 90% after 15 years and 70% after 48 years. in the free recall test, it was 60% after 15 years and 30% after 48.

A

bahrick

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6
Q

confirmed jacobs results in a controlled lab study which showed jacobs study had validity

A

bopp and verhaegen

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7
Q

argued that miller was overestimating STM capacity and found capacity was closer to 3-5 items

A

cowan

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8
Q

made the multi-store model of memory

A

atkinson and shifrin

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9
Q

argued that as well as the maintenance rehearsal that was described in the MSM, we also need elaborative rehearsal to learn

A

craik and watkins

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10
Q

believe the semantic memory is in the LEFT prefrontal cortex and the episodic is in the Right prefrontal cortex

A

buckner and petersen

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11
Q

argued against buckner and petersen and believe the semantic memory is in the RIGHT prefrontal cortex and the episodic is in the LEFT prefrontal cortex

A

tulving

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12
Q

research has helped treatment for older people with episodic memory loss

A

belleville

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13
Q

found that some people with alzheimers can still make episodic memories but not semantic ones

A

hodges and patterson

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14
Q

created the working memory model

A

baddeley and hitch

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15
Q

divided the visuo-spatial sketchpad into two subcomponents: inner scribe and visual cache

A

logie

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16
Q

conducted the clinical study of KF and found that while his phonological loop was damaged, his visuo-spatial sketchpad was intact

A

shallice and warrington

17
Q

tested the interference theory by using lists of words and found that the more words (information) a person had to remember, the more interference there is

A

mcgeoch and mcdonald

18
Q

found that more information causes more interference and worse recall

A

tulving and psotka

19
Q

researched context dependent forgetting using divers on land or underwater and found that those that had mismatched learning and recall environments did worse than those that matched

A

godden and baddeley

20
Q

researched state dependent forgetting using antihistamine drugs and again found that those with mismatched states had worse recall

A

carter and cassaday

21
Q

argued that retrieval failure is the main reason for forgetting

A

eysenck and keane

22
Q

argued that for context dependent forgetting to take place, contexts have to be incredibly different

23
Q

researched leading questions using a video of a car crash and used neutral to violent words and found a significant difference in average speed reported by participants depending on how violent the word used was

A

loftus and palmer

24
Q

studied post event discussion and found that after shown a video from a specific POV, participants reported parts of a crime that was not visible from their POV

25
found that participants usually reported central details more accurately than peripheral details (research into central focus)
sutherland and hayne
26
found that when shown a video of a crime where the criminal had either blond or dark hair, participants recalled a blend and reported light brown hair
skagerberg and wrights
27
found that anxiety has a negative effect on memory, participants in the high anxiety condition only recalled the man accurately 49% of the time
johnson and scott
28
found that anxiety has a positive effect on memory, participants that witnessed a real robbery where the assailant was killed had very similar testimonies to when the original investigation was conducted
yuille and cutshall
29
found that it was unusualness rather than anxiety that caused poor memory, used raw chicken in a hairdressers shop
pickel
30
measured the heart rate of participants in london dungeons and found that those with higher arousal rates had poorer recall than those with lower arousal rates
valentine and mesout
31
confirmed yuille and cutshall's results using participants that had witnessed a real bank robbery and found those that were closer to the robbery (high anxiety) had better recall than those that were further away (lower anxiety)
christianson and hubinette
32
created the cognitive interview
fisher and geiselman
33
did a meta analysis of CI and found that the cognitive interview produced 41% more accurate information than normal police interview. however he also found that the CI produced more INACCURATE information as well
kohnken
34
found that each section of the cognitive interview was better than a normal police interview
milne and bull