comparison of approaches Flashcards
(30 cards)
Which approach ties development to psychosexual stages determined by age?
Psychodynamic approach
Which approach contributes to understanding child development through schemas?
Cognitive approach
What is the focus of the biological approach in child development?
Genetically determined changes in a child’s physiological status
Which approach emphasizes the development of the self and unconditional positive regard?
Humanistic approach
Which approaches view development as continuous rather than stage-based?
Behaviourist approach and Social learning theory
What does the ‘nature’ argument emphasize?
Inherited biological factors
What does the ‘nurture’ argument emphasize?
Environment and experience
What do behaviourists argue about newborns?
They are ‘blank slates’ and learn through reinforcement and imitation
What is the biological approach’s view on behaviour?
It is the result of genetic blueprint (genotype) influenced by environment (phenotype)
What concept do humanistic psychologists stress in development?
Self-concept
What does determinism propose?
All behaviour has a cause and is predictable
What kind of determinism is linked to behaviourism?
Environmental determinism
What kind of determinism is linked to the biological approach?
Genetic determinism
What kind of determinism is central to the psychodynamic approach?
Psychic determinism
What is soft determinism?
The belief that behaviour is constrained but individuals still have choice
What is reciprocal determinism?
Behaviour is influenced by and influences the environment
What does the humanistic approach advocate regarding free will?
Humans are active agents with free will
What do behaviourist therapies like systematic desensitisation aim to treat?
Phobias
What has social learning theory contributed to therapy?
Understanding the role of modelling and observational learning
What mechanisms did Freud associate with anxiety disorders?
Defence mechanisms
Why is psychoanalysis not appropriate for everyone?
It requires time, input, and emotional reflection from the patient
What is a strength of cognitive therapy?
It aims to correct faulty thinking
What approach emphasizes self-esteem and self-concept in therapy?
Humanistic therapy (counselling)
What does the biological approach focus on for treating disorders?
Drug therapy and chemical imbalances
