social learning theory

Question 1

what happens if you identify with a model?

Answer 1

you can copy + learn their behaviour

Question 2

what does modelling involve?

Answer 2

observing + imitating another person (the model)

Question 3

what is a key factor in imitation?

Answer 3

vicarious reinforcement

Question 4

what is vicarious reinforcement?

Answer 4

seeing others being rewarded for a behaviour influences someone in whether they choose to imitate it

Question 5

what makes a behaviour more likely to happen again in the future?

Answer 5

reinforcement

Question 6

what does ‘ARRM’ stand for?

Answer 6

attention
retention
(motor) reproduction
motivation

Question 7

what is ‘attention’?

Answer 7

extent to which we notice certain behaviours

Question 8

what is ‘retention’?

Answer 8

how well a behaviour is remembered

Question 9

what is ‘reproduction’?

Answer 9

ability of observer to perform the behaviour

Question 10

what is ‘motivation’?

Answer 10

the will to perform the behaviour

Question 11

what is motivation often determined by?

Answer 11

whether the behaviour was rewarded/punished

Question 12

what type of processes are mediational processes?

Answer 12

cognitive processes

Question 13

Bandura: what did children observe in condition 1?

Answer 13

aggressive adult models playing with the bobo doll

Question 14

Bandura: how did children in condition 1 act with the bobo doll?

Answer 14

they imitated the aggressive behaviour

Question 15

Bandura: what did children observe in condition 2?

Answer 15

non-aggressive models playing with other toys and ignoring bobo doll

Question 16

Bandura: how did children in condition 2 act with the bobo doll?

Answer 16

children showed barely any aggressive behaviour

Question 17

Bandura: what did children observe in condition 3?

Answer 17

children had no exposure to models + behaviour was then observed for 20 minutes in a room containing aggressive (e.g. mallet) + non-aggressive toys (e.g. crayons)

Question 18

Bandura: how did children in condition 3 act with the bobo doll?

Answer 18

children showed barely any aggressive behaviour

Question 19

Bandura: where was aggressive behaviour slightly higher?

Answer 19

higher in control condition than non-aggressive condition

Question 20

Bandura: which condition was a control?

Answer 20

condition 3

Question 21

what is one strength of this research?

Answer 21

it has a real-world application

Question 22

where does this research have a real-world application?

Answer 22

parenting, teaching - e.g. using vicarious reinforcement to improve children’s behaviour (watching other children be rewarded for good behaviour)

Question 23

what is another strength of this research?

Answer 23

recognises importance of cognitive factors in learning - e.g. we can make judgements about when we want to imitate behaviour

Question 24

why is SLT more comprehensive than behaviourism?

Answer 24

it recognises the role of mediational processes

Question 25

what is a counterpoint to 'cognitive factors'?

Answer 25

there's not enough emphasis on biological factors in social learning

Question 26

what does recent research suggest about biological factors in learning?

Answer 26

observational learning may be the result of mirror neurons (biological influences)

Question 27

where did Bandura's study take place?

Answer 27

lab study

Question 28

what is one limitation of using a lab study?

Answer 28

demand characteristics - e.g. participants may have hit Bobo doll because that's what they thought was expected (unnatural participant behaviour = lowers validity)