Compartments of the Lower Leg

Question 1

Muscle attachment from the lateral condyle of femur articulating to the posterior proximal surface of tibia, just above the soleal line

-A: Knee Flexion (weak) / Unlocking screw-home mech.)

Answer 1

Popliteus

Question 2

In what movement does the popliteus rotate the tibia to ‘unlock’ the knee and allow flexion

Answer 2

Medial rotation

Question 3

When the popliteus is extended, the tibia rotates laterally, locking the knee into a stable position is known as?

Answer 3

Screw-home Mechanism

Question 4

Primary extensor muscle located at the anterior, lateral tibia and interosseous membrane to the 1st (medial) cuneiform and base of 1st MT

Answer 4

Tibialis Anterior

Question 5

Extensor of 1st MT, located at the anterior middle fibula and interosseous membrane to the base of the distal phalanx of 1st toe (dorsal surface)

Answer 5

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Question 6

Muscle located at the proximal 3/4 of anterior fibula and interosseous membrane articulating with middle, distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes (dorsal surface)

-Extension of 2nd-5th toes (MTPs/PIPs/DIPs)

Answer 6

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Question 7

Muscle attachment from the anterior distal fibula articulating with the 5th MT (dorsal surface)

Answer 7

Peromeus Tertius

Question 8

Fibrous plates that prevent the tendons from bowing as muscle contracts

Answer 8

Retinacula

Question 9

Palpation for the anterior extensor compartments start from?

TA/EHL/EDL

Answer 9

Medial to Lateral

Question 10

Retinacula runs from the lower end of fibula to the lower end of tibia

Answer 10

Superior Extensor Retinaculum

Question 11

Retinacula runs from calcaneus to tibial malleolus and medial plantar aponeurosis
- “Y-Shaped”

Answer 11

Inferior Extensor Retinaculum

Question 12

What surrounds the tendon to prevent friction between the tendons and retinacula

Answer 12

Tendon sheath

Question 13

What makes up the tendon sheath?

Answer 13

Connective Tissue (Outer)
Synovial Layer (inner)

Question 14

Muscle attachment at the lateral proximal 2/3 of fibula to the base of 1st MT and 1st (medial) cuneiform (plantar surface)

• Supports Transverse Arch of foot
• Forms a stirrup w/ the Tibialis Anterior

Answer 14

Peroneus Longus

Question 15

Muscle attachment at the lateral distal 2/3rd of fibula to the tuberosity of the 5th MT

Answer 15

Peroneus Brevis

Question 16

AKA for Peroneus

Answer 16

Fibularis

Question 17

What bone does the peroneus longus and peroneus brevis pass behind?

Answer 17

Lateral Malleolus

Question 18

What happens if the peroneal retinacula and associated tendon sheaths are damaged?

Answer 18

“Clicking” sound will occur

Question 19

Muscle of 2 heads crossing the medial and lateral femoral condyles articulating with the calcaneus

Answer 19

Gastrocnemius

Question 20

Superficial muscle located at the proximal posterior fibula, soleal line, and middle medial border of tibia articulating the calcaneus

Answer 20

Soleus

Question 21

The Gastrocnemius and Soleus altogether are known as?

Answer 21

Triceps Surae

Question 22

What distal tendon does the Gastrocnemius and Soleus share which, attaches the calcaneus?

Answer 22

Achilles Tendon

Question 23

AKA. for Achilles Tendon

Answer 23

Calcaneal Tendon

Question 24

Muscle found at the distal lateral supracondylar ridge of the femur to the calcaneus

• Consist of a long ligament extending down to calcaneus

Answer 24

Plantaris

Question 25

The fascia on the plantar surface of the foot, continuing to the calf

Answer 25

Plantar Aponeurosis

Question 26

Muscle located at the posterior tibia, interosseous membrane, and fibula crossing over to the navicular tuberosity and surrounding bones

Answer 26

Tibialis Posterior

Question 27

Flexor origin at the lower 2/3rd of posterior fibula and interosseous membrane crossing to the plantar surface of 1st phalanx -Flexion of 1st MTP and IP

Answer 27

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Question 28

Flexor at the posterior middle tibia inserting into the plantar surface of 1st distal phalanx -A: PIP/DIP/MTP flexion of 2nd-5th toes

Answer 28

Flexor Digitorum Longus

Question 29

The Deep Posterior Compartment muscle pass behind what bone?

Answer 29

Medial Malleolus

Question 30

A tunnel formation from the flexor retinaculum

Answer 30

Tarsal Tunnel

Question 31

Direction of palpation for the Deep Posterior Compartment muscles

Answer 31

Anterior to Posterior

Question 32

A Tarsal Tunnel syndrome is caused by? | Resulting from arthritis and chronic tendonosis

Answer 32

Prolonged eversion and a pinched nerve

Question 33

What are the action(s) of the Anterior Compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 33

Dorsiflexion Inversion (TA/EHL) Eversion (EDL/PT)

Question 34

What are the action(s) of the Lateral Compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 34

Eversion/(weak)Plantar Flexion

Question 35

What are the action(s) of the Superficial Posterior Compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 35

``` Plantar Flexion Knee Flexion (P) ```

Question 36

What are the action(s) of the Deep Posterior Compartments of the lower leg?

Answer 36

Inversion/Plantar Flexion