Intrinsic Foot Muscles

Question 1

Muscle originating at the anterior dorsal surface of calcaneus articulating to the medial distal 4 phalanges allowing extension of medial 4 toes

Answer 1

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Question 2

Which layer of the sole, contains 3 muscles, all attaching proximally to the medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis?

Answer 2

First Layer

Question 3

O: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

I: Medial side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 1st toes

A: Abducting 1st toe

Answer 3

Abductor Hallucis

Question 4

O: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

I: Both sides of middle phalanges of 2nd-5th toes (tendons split to attach to sides of plalanx)

A: Flexing 2nd-5th toes

Answer 4

Flexor Digitorum Brevis

Question 5

O: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

I: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe

A: Abducting 5th toe

Answer 5

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Question 6

Which muscle layer of the sole consists of 2 muscles and tendons of the FHL and FDL?

Answer 6

Second Layer

Question 7

O: Plantar surface of calcaneus

I: Posterolateral margin of the FDL tendons

A: Assisting FDL flexion of the lateral 4 digits

Answer 7

Quadratus Plantae

Question 8

O: FDL tendons

I: Extensor expansion and medial sides of proximal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

A: Flexion of MTP joints and extension of PIPs/DIPs

Answer 8

Lumbricals

Question 9

There is only 1 intrinsic foot muscle located where in the foot?

Answer 9

Dorsum of the foot

Question 10

Layer consisting of 3 muscles; 2 on the 1st toe, 1 on the 5th, located in the anterior half of the foot

Answer 10

Third Layer

Question 11

O: Plantar surface of cuboid and 3rd cuneiform

I: Both sides of the base of proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A: Muscle wraps around the 2 sesamoid bones, protecting tendons from pressure during standing/walking, motioning flexion of the 1st MTP joint

Answer 11

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Question 12

1st O: Bases of 2nd-4th metatarsals
2nd O: Plantar ligaments of the MTP joints

I: Lateral side of the base of the proximal phalanx of 1st toe

A: Maintains the transverse arch and adducts the 1st toe

Answer 12

Adductor Hallucis

Question 13

A proximal attachment of the Adductor Hallucis at the base of the 2nd-4th metatarsals

Answer 13

Oblique Head

Question 14

A proximal attachment of the Adductor Hallucis at the plantar ligaments of the MTP joints

Answer 14

Transverse Head

Question 15

O: Base of the 5th metatarsal

I: Base of the proximal phalanx of 5th toe

A: Flexing the 5th MTP joint

Answer 15

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis

Question 16

The deepest layer containing the Interossei muscles, DAB and PAD

Answer 16

Forth Layer

Question 17

O: Adjacent sides of the metatarsals

(2 insertions)
1st I: Medial side of proximal phalanx of 2nd toe
2nd I: Lateral sides of proximal phalanges 2nd-4th toe

A: Abduction of 2nd-4th MTP Joints (DAB)

Answer 17

Dorsal Interossei

Question 18

O: Base/medial sides of the 3rd-5th metatarsals

I: Medial sides/bases of proximal 3rd-5th phalanges

A: Adduction of the 3rd-5th MTP Joints (PAD)

Answer 18

Plantar Interossei

Question 19

The reference point (mid-line) when discussing the abduction and adduction of the toes is through which toe?

Answer 19

2nd toe