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Compatibility Test (LEC) Flashcards

1
Q

This is a necessary procedure to be done before operation or transfusion

A

Compatibility Testing

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2
Q

Who started compatibility testing?

A

Well and ottenberg

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3
Q

What are the purpose of compatibility testing?

A
  • provide appropriate safe transfusion of blood

- select blood components that will not cause harm to the recipient and have acceptable survival when transfused

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4
Q

Compatibility testing will confirm _______________ between the component and ___________ and will detect the _______________

A
  • ABO incompatibility
  • recipient
  • most clinically significant unexpected antibodies
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5
Q

What are the pre-transfusion testing procedure comprised of?

A

Donor unit:

  • ABO
  • Rh
  • TTD (transfusion transmissible disease)

Recipient unit:

  • ABO
  • Rh (not including Weak D)
  • IAT: Ab screen
  • Crossmatching (major/minor)
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6
Q

What are the three categories of compatibility testing?

A

Pre-analytical (Px ID, specimen collection, review Px history)

serological testing (ABO/Rh, Ab detection/ID, crossmatch)

post-analytical procedures (labelling units and forms, released for recipient, inspected for abnormalities)

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7
Q

Specimen collection should be collected in tube with ______________________

A

EDTA and NO additives

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8
Q

Venipuncture causes hemolysis, sample is _________________

A

rejected

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9
Q

True hemolysis indicates _______________________

A

complement activation

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10
Q

What is the color of the tube w/o additives where _________ sample is collected than _____________

A

RED, serum than plasma

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11
Q

If the sample is drawn from the IV line, the infusion should be _______________________________

A

stopped for 5-10mins prior to collection

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12
Q

If both of the Px’s arm has IV line, collect in _______________

A

ankle vein

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13
Q

If amputated leg and has IV on both arms, sample is collected in _______________

A

IV line but discard first 10mL because it is diluted

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14
Q

Testing should be performed on samples for __________________

A

less than 72hrs or 3days

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15
Q

What are the materials used for labelling donor red cell?

A

Radioisotope or radioactive materials

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16
Q

What is the newer method of crossmatching?

A

Computer crossmatch

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17
Q

Which method of crossmatching is better to be performed?

A

Conventional test tubes

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18
Q

What are the new technologies of crossmatching?

A

Column agglutination technology
Solid-phase technology
Electromagnetic (EM) technology

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19
Q

In the IS phase of serological crossmatch it detects ___________________, and in AHG phase detects ________________

A

ABO Incompatibilities (IgM)

Rh, Duffy, Kidd, other IgG

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20
Q

In crossmatching, for how long will recipients serum and donor red cell be preserved?

A

1 week or 7 days

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21
Q

In crossmatching, fresh sample of Px is needed after _________

A

48hrs of transfusion

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22
Q

In cross matching, RBCs must be infused within ____________

A

4hrs

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23
Q

What are the two types of crossmatched?

A

Major and Minor crossmatch

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24
Q

In Major crossmatch, uses _____________________

A

DCRS

Donor red cell, Px serum

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25
In Minor crossmatch, uses _____________________
DSRC Donor serum, Px red cell
26
Between the two crossmatch type, which is routinely performed?
Major crossmatch
27
Why is minor crossmatch unnecessary and almost obsolete?
Most blood transfused are packed cell w/ little Ab
28
Who developed the standards for blood banking?
AABB (American association of Blood Banks) and FDA (Food and Drug Administration)
29
According to the AABB Standard: The crossmatch shall use methods that demonstrate _________________ and _______________________ and shall include an _____________________
ABO incompatibility clinically significant Ab to red cell Ags antiglobulin phase
30
Who regulates blood bank in hospitals in the Philippines?
DOH, NGO (Philippine red cross)
31
What is the reference lab of TTD or transfusion transmissible disease?
RITM (Research institute for tropical medicine)
32
To maintain 40:1 Ag-Ab reax, you need to add __________________
2 drops of Px serum, 1 drop of donor red cell
33
To remove unbound Abs, you need to ________________
wash 3x
34
TRUE OR FALSE: Crossmatching is routinely performed in secondary and tertiary hospital
FALSE Only in TERTIARY hospital
35
Segments where donor cells are taken from, are ______________
sampling of the minor and eliminate having to open the actual unit
36
What is the sequence of tests in compatibility testing?
ABO/Rh Ab screening If no unexpected Abs = perform crossmatching
37
After Ab screening in compatibility testing, if Abs are NOT detected, what is the next step to be performed?
perform IS phase using Px serum and donor blood suspension = INCOMPLETE CROSSMATCH
38
After Ab screening in compatibility testing, if Abs are detected, what is the next step to be performed?
IS, LISS, and AHG phase is performed = COMPLETE CROSSMATCH
39
In what phase of Ab screening will verify the donor ABO incompatibility, and detect most Abs against donor cells?
IS phase, AHG phase
40
Crossmatching will not: _____________________
``` Guarantee normal survival of RBCs Hgb and Hct after transfusion prevent Px from developing Ab detect all Ab and error in ABO/Rh detection Prevent delayed tranfsuion reaxn ```
41
Causes of + result in serological crossmatch?
- incorrect ABO grouping - alloAb in Px serum - autoAb in Px serum - prior coating of donor's RBC w/ protein - abnormalities in Px serum - presence of Dextran (expanders) - high albumin:globulin ratio - Ab against caprylate - contaminants in test system
42
The conatmination of bacteria shows ________________
hemolyzed plasma
43
WHat is the storage temperature of blood units?
1-10 deg C
44
If the units is not stored in correct temperature, it must be returned within _________________
30mins of issue
45
When the units are pre-warmed at 37deg C, it must be transfused w/n _________
1hr
46
After 1hr of issuing blood unit, it must be transfused w/n ____________
24hrs
47
TRUE OR FALSE: It is important to indicate in the tag of blood unit if its not crossmatched
TRUE
48
TRUE OR FALSE: Even blood has already be transfused, compatibility testing should still be performed
TRUE
49
What unit of blood is given in emergency cases?
Group O, Rh-negative red cells or AB plasma (women below childbearing age) Group O, Rh-positive (male or elderly)
50
If the clinical urgency is immediate, give ___________
Group O Rh NEG pRBC
51
If the clinical urgency is minutes, give ___________
ABO and Rh D type = group specific blood
52
If the clinical urgency is hour, give ___________
ABO and Rh D type = complete crossmatch
53
If the recipients ABO blood group is AB, what is the 1st to 4th choice of blood?
1st - AB 2ND - A 3RD - B 4TH - O
54
Rh D positive pRBC can be transfused to ______________ in emergency
Rh negative patients (post menopausal females, older men)
55
TRUE OR FALSE: It is NOT safe to transfuse Rh NEG blood to Rh POS px
FALSE Rh D negative blood can safely be transfused to Rh D positive patients.
56
Massive transfusion is defined as______________
transfusion approaching or exceeding the recipient's own blood volume w/n 24hrs
57
TRUE OR FALSE: INCOMPLETE crossmatch is not necessary for massive transfusion
FALSE COMPLETE crossmatch is unnecessary
58
What type of blood units should be given for massive transfusion?
ABO identical units
59
What is the purpose of type and screen?
to conserve blood inventory
60
When will crossmatching be performed if type and screen is done?
If blood is needed, it is retrieved for crossmatching (only IS phase)
61
Neonate of _______ old does not have _________ but has __________
<4months Abs Ag
62
If clinically significant Abs are detected in neonates, this is _____________ and must be transfused w/ ____________
maternal Abs Ag NEG units
63
Whose sample is used for corssmatching among neonates?
Infant or maternal serum
64
These are small aliquots of larger units for infant transfusion
Pedipacks or Satellite Bags
65
If whole blood bag is given to neonates, they may suffer from ___________
hypervolemia
66
This refers to a donation from recipient for later use
Autologus
67
Autologous is commonly performed by ______________
Px w/ rare blood type (Bombay) and religious restrictions (Jehovah)
68
According to the AABB, what must be fulfilled in new technologies of crossmatching?
- critical elements have been validates - no clinically significant Abs (present and past) - Px ABO and Rh is done twice - system alert medtech for ABO and Rh discrepancy
69
Records should be maintained for at least _____________
5yrs

Immunohematology (7 decks)

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