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Rh BGS (Lec) Flashcards

(75 cards)

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1
Q

This is the second most important blood group system

A

Rh BGS

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2
Q

The ISBT no. of Rh BGS is __________

A

004

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3
Q

Rh BGS is discovered by ________________

A

Levine and stetson in 1939. It is found in serum of obstetrical Px

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4
Q

Rh BGS is named after ___________________

A

Rhesus macaque monkey red cells

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5
Q

If an individual is Rh (+), he/she has ____________

A

D Ag on RBC

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6
Q

Which Rh Ag is the most immunogenic?

A

D Ag

D > c > E > C > e

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7
Q

Small “d” indicates _____________

A

absence of D Ag

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8
Q

What are the nomenclatures of the Rh BGS?

A

Fisher-Race
Weiner
Rosenfield
ISBT

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9
Q

Which nomenclature is based on the theory that Ag were produced/inherited by three closely linked set of alleles, each gene was responsible for producing a product on RBC membrane

A

Fisher-Race (DCE)

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10
Q

The Weiner (RH-hr) says that ______________

A

gene responsible for defining RH are produced by agglutinogen that has series of blood factors which each factor is Ag recognized by Ab

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11
Q

The rosenfield (alpha numeric) nomenclature is -________

A

number is assigned to each Ag of Rh system in order of its discovery

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12
Q

TRUE or FALSE:

The ISBT nomenclature used 8 number designation

A

FALSE

It only uses 6 number designation

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13
Q

The Rh genes in Fisher Race are expressed _____________

A

codominantly

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14
Q

An individual’s Rh phenotype is reported as ______ rather than ________

A

DCE, CDE

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15
Q

In Fisher Race, which has the highest gene frequency?

A

“e”

e - D - c - C - E - d

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16
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

Fisher Race and Wiener terminology can be converted to each other

A

TRUE

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17
Q

In Wiener, R and 0 refers to ________________

A

D

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18
Q

In Wiener, what represents d?

A

r

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19
Q

In Wiener, 1 and ‘ refers to ________________

A

C and c

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20
Q

In Wiener, 2 and “ refers to ________________

A

E and e

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21
Q

In Wiener, if r precedes h, it refers to ___________

A

C or E

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22
Q

In Wiener, if h precedes r, it refers to ___________

A

c or e

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23
Q

What are the rules for long hand nomenclature?

A 
RH0 for D
rh’ for C
rh” for E
hr’ for c
hr” for e
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24
Q

What are the rules for short hand nomenclature?

A 
R denotes D
r denotes absence
z or y denotes CE
0 or blank denotes ce
1 or ‘ denotes C
2 or “ denotes E
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25
Rh null is written as __________
r double bar
26
In Rosenfield, what denotes the DCE/dce
``` 1 = D 2 = C 3 = E 4 = c 5 = e ```
27
In Rosenfield, (-) sign indicate _________________
absence of Rh gene/Ag
28
In ISBT, what denotes the DCE/dce
004001: D 004002: C 004003: E 004004: c 004005: e 004006: f
29
Which gene produces the D Ag?
RHD gene
30
Which gene produces C and E Ags?
RHCE gene
31
Which chromosome is RHD and RHCE gene found?
Chromosome 1
32
This is the co-expressor gene of DCE gene
RHAG/X1r gene
33
The co-expressor gene of DCE gene is found in ______________
chromosome 6
34
TRUE OR FALSE: The RHAG gene is part of the Rh BGS that is why it is important
FALSE It is NOT part of the Rh BGS, because it is only a COEXPRESSOR of Ag
35
TRUE OR FALSE The RHAG has its own BGS and has the ISBT no of 040
FALSE The ISBT no is 030
36
What are the abnormal genes?
XOr (regulator of Rh null) XQr (Rhmod phenotype) r: little r double bar (silent Rh null)
37
What are the two types of Rh null phenotype?
Silent and regulator type
38
The silent Rh null is caused by _______________
inheritance of r: little r double bar | there's no R or D Ag inherited but w/ RHAG gene
39
The regulator Rh null is caused by ____________________
inheritance of XorXor w/o RHAG gene
40
What are the signs and symptoms of Rh null phenotype individuals?
DEC: Hgb, Hct, Haptoglobin INC: Bilirubin, HbF Stomatocytosis, reticulocytosis
41
Rh Ags characteristics are: ___________
non-glycosylated proteins integral part of RBC ,embrane MW of 174,000
42
What are the functions of Rh Ag?
Cation transporters | maintain stability of RBC membrane as integral proteins
43
What is the difference in components of ABO and Rh Ag?
ABO has sugar in its structure, while Rh is pure proteins
44
This variation of D Ag is present in small amounts or it has missing parts or fragments
Weak D or Du variant
45
TRUE OR FALSE: Du variant is a negative Rh type
FALSE It is still considered as Rh-positive
46
What is the test required to demonstrate the presence of weak D antigens?
Antiglobulin test (AHG/Coomb's test)
47
If the donor is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the donor is Rh __________
POSITIVE
48
If the recipient is being typed for Weak D, after IAT the result become (+), the recipient is Rh __________
NEGATIVE
49
D antigen is appear to be complete but few in number therefore it is weakly expressed, this is _____________
Genetic Weak D
50
What are the Rh gene variants of genetic weak D?
1. Cu 2. Cv 3. Cw 4. Eu 5. Du
51
Genetic weak D is more commonly found among which race?
Blacks (rare in caucasians)
52
TRUE OR FALSE The antigenicity strength of Weak D and normal D is the same, only the amount is different
FALSE The Weak D Ags are less antigenic
53
TRUE OR FALSE: Genetic Weak D has the ability to produce Anti-D
TRUE
54
A C-trans variation is caused by ___________
genes are present on different chromosome
55
C-trans is also known as ________________
position effect, steric suppression, gene-interaction effect
56
In C-trans, weakened D occurs when the C-antigen is inherited __________
trans to the D Ag
57
If D and C is located at the SAME locus, this is __________
cis
58
If D and C is located at the OPPOSITE locus, this is __________
trans
59
In mosaic, the remaining portion of the antigen will stimulate production of _____________
alloantibody
60
What are the other terms of Mosaic?
Partial D, D variant, Categories of D
61
Mosaic occurs when _____________
a portion of D antigen is missing (composed of 4 fragments)
62
This is the very rare phenotype caused by mutated D gene
Del phenotype
63
Del phenotype occurs when ____________
individuals inherit Rh gene complex lacking alleles
64
Del phenotype is written as _____________
D - - or - D -
65
TRUE OR FALSE: Del phenotype must also be transfused with Del phenotype to prevent production of Abs against red cells
TRUE
66
Which class of immunoglobulins are Rh Abs?
IgG - Warm Ab (37C)
67
Rh Abs are immune Abs, it is produced ____________
following exposure to foreign RBCs (transfusion, pregnancy)
68
TRUE OR FALSE: Rh Abs do not bind to complement
TRUE
69
RBC destruction is (intravascular, extravascular)
EXTRAVASCULAR - IgG produce DTEH
70
Rh Abs are produced within _____________
120 days after primary exposure and 2-7 days after secondary exposure
71
What are the clinical conditions associated w/ Rh?
Transfusion reactions Rh-mediated HTR HDN
72
HDN occurs when the mother is ___________ and the father is ___________
``` mother = Rh - father = Rh + ```
73
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LW gene is ____________
has no product
74
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWA gene is ____________
LWA Ag
75
In Landsteiner Wiener BGS, LWB gene is ____________
LWB Ag

Immunohematology (7 decks)

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