compendium 9

Question 1

spinal nerves

Answer 1

Cervical: 8 pairs of spinal nerves, 7 bones
Thoracic: 12 pairs of spinal nerves, 12 bones
Lumbar: 5 pairs of spinal nerves, 5 bones
Sacral: 5 pairs of spinal nerves, 5 bones
Coccygeal: 1 pair, 5 fused = 1 bone

Question 2

nerve coverings

Answer 2

3 layers
Endoneurium - surrounds each axon
Perineurium - surrounds a fascicle
Epineurium - surrounds several fascicles

Question 3

cranial nerves

Answer 3

Cranial nerves
12 pairs
9 pairs connected to the brain stem

Question 4

regions of the brain

Answer 4

forebrain
hindbrain
midbrain

Question 5

forebrain

Answer 5

cerebrum:
1. Frontal lobe
2. Parietal lobe
3. Occipital lobe
4. Temporal lobe
Diencephalon: grey matter
thalamus
Hypothalamus
sub thalamus
epithalamus

Question 6

frontal lobe

Answer 6

motor function, motivation, sense of smell, personality

Question 7

parietal lobe

Answer 7

receives and evaluates sensory info

Question 8

occipital lobe

Answer 8

receives and integrates visual input

Question 9

temporal lobe

Answer 9

hearing and memory

Question 10

thalamus

Answer 10

regulating moods, fear, rage

Question 11

Hypothalamus

Answer 11

muscle control, body temp, emotions, food and water intake, sexual development and behaviour

Question 12

Midbrain

Answer 12

hearing, muscle tone

Question 13

Hindbrain

Answer 13

Pons
Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum

Question 14

Pons

Answer 14

sleep and respiratory centre

Question 15

Medulla oblongata

Answer 15

center for autonomic reflexes, maintain homeostasis

Question 16

cerebellum

Answer 16

locomotion, posture, balance, eye movement

Question 17

Brain stem

Answer 17

midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 18

Gyri

Answer 18

elevated tissue or fold

Question 19

Sulci

Answer 19

grooves

Question 20

Fissures

Answer 20

deep grooves

Question 21

What advantage do convolutions give the cerebrum

Answer 21

Increase the surface area for grey matter increasing brain function

Question 22

Grey matter

Answer 22

cell body, dendrites, unmyelinated axons, axon terminals, neuroglia
CNS = cortex of brain and nuclei
PNS = ganglion
Brain = outer cortex
Spinal cord = inner

Question 23

White matter

Answer 23

myelinated axons
CNS = nerve tracts
PNS = nerves
Brain = deeper
Spinal cord = outer

Question 24

Cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 24

fluid found around brain and spinal cord
Protects them from trauma
Allows brain to float in cranial cavity, reducing the weight and pressure
Provides some nutrients to CNS fluid

Question 25

meninges function

Answer 25

Protection Contains cerebrospinal fluid Forms partitions inside the skull

Question 26

layers of the meninges

Answer 26

3 layers Dura mater outer Strongest and thickest 2. Arachnoid mater thin 3. Pia mater - bound tightly to the surface of the brain

Question 27

Dorsal root

Answer 27

sensory

Question 28

Ventral root

Answer 28

motor

Question 29

Are the spinal cord and the vertebral column the same length

Answer 29

No. They start off the same but as an individual grows the vertebral bones get bigger but the spinal cord does not. By the time the bones stop growing, the end of the spinal cord is approximately the level of the 2nd lumbar vertebrae

Question 30

Longitudinal fissure

Answer 30

left and right hemispheres

Question 31

Lateral fissures / sulcus

Answer 31

temporal from parietal and frontal lobes

Question 32

Central sulcus

Answer 32

frontal and parietal lobes

Question 33

Pre-central gyrus

Answer 33

frontal

Question 34

Post-central gyrus

Answer 34

parietal