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Thing > Complement system > Flashcards

Complement system Flashcards

1
Q

Basic functions of complement system

A

Lysis of cells, bacteria and virus
Opsonization
Immune clearance
Bind complement receptors

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2
Q

What does Lysis entail

A

Antibody dependent or antibody independent mechanisms

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3
Q

Opsonization?

A

The uptake of particulate antigens by phagocytosis

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4
Q

What are the fragments generated during activation called

A

A and B

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5
Q

With a and b, which is larger and which is smaller?

A

A is smaller, b is larger

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6
Q

Where do larger fragments bind?

A

large fragments binds to the target near the site of activation

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7
Q

What do the smaller fragments do?

A

They diffuse from the site and can initiate receptor mediated local inflammatory responses

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8
Q

What happens when fragments interact with each other?

A

They form functional complexes such as C4b2a

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9
Q

The classical, lectin and alternative pathway all create what?

A

C5b

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10
Q

What molecules activates the classical pathway?

A

IgM and IgG

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11
Q

What are the components involved in the classical pathway?

A

C1,C2,C3 and C4

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12
Q

What happens when IgM binds to an antigen?

A

There is a change that exposes a binding site for C1

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13
Q

What domains does C1r and C1’s have?

A

Catalytic and interaction

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14
Q

For C1q to have a stable interaction, what needs to happen?

A

C1q needs to bind to at least two Fc sites

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15
Q

What happens to C1s when C1r converts it

A

It becomes an active enzyme with two substrates C4 and C2

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16
Q

What is C4

A

C4 is a glycoprotein with 3 polypeptide chains α, β, γ

17
Q

C1s cleave the amino terminal end of the a chain, what happens?

A

A binding site on C4b is exposed (it is the larger fragment)

18
Q

What are the two forms of IgM

A

Pentameric when in solution and monomeric when attached to the cell

19
Q

C4b binds to the target vicinity of C1, then what happens

A

C2 attaches to the exposed site on C4b, C1 then cleaves it leaving C2a and C2b, C2b then diffuses away leaving C3 convertase

20
Q

How many polypeptide chains does C3 have?

A

two, a and b

21
Q

what is generated when C3a is cleaved?

A

C3b

22
Q

C3b binds to C4b2a3b to form what

A

C4b2a3b aka C5 convertase

23
Q

when C4b2a cleaves C5 and C5a diffuses away, what happens to C5b

A

C5b attaches to C6 which starts the formation of MAC

24
Q

Where do all the reactions take place?

A

They take place on the hydrophilic surfaces of membranes or immune complexes

25
Q

The terminal sequence of compliment activation involves what molecules

A

C5b,C6,C7,C8 and C9

26
Q

What is MAC

A

Mac is a large channel through the target cell membrane

27
Q

Where does C5b bind?

A

C5b binds to the surface of the target cell which allows the binding of other components

28
Q

C5b is inactivated unless what molecule stabilises it?

A

C6

29
Q

What happens when C5b6 binds to C7?

A

The hydrophobic residues on the complex are exposed which messes with the membrane phospholipids and inserts into the bilayer

30
Q

What are the final two steps in the formation of MAC

A

C8 binds to C5b67 and then a bunch of C9 joins the C5b678 complex

31
Q

When MAC occurs what goes on?

A

The cell cant stay stable and is killed by the water flushing in

32
Q

What immune system is the alternative pathway

A

Innate

33
Q

What does the alternative pathways include

A

C3, factor B, factor D and properdin

34
Q

C3b binds to foreign surface antigens which then binds factor B. What site is then exposed?

A

the enzyme Factor D

35
Q

What does factor D do?

A

Factor D cleaves off a small fragment Ba which then generates C3 convertase activity

36
Q

C3bBb has an activity of five minutes. what needs to bind to it to extend its life to 30 minutes?

A

Properdin

37
Q

What does protein and glycoproteins circulate in the serum as?

A

Zymogens

Thing (6 decks)

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