Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physical Education > Component 1 (harder topics) > Flashcards

Component 1 (harder topics) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of short bones? Give an example

A

Help provide stability and support with little movement e.g carpals and tarsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are pivot joints? Give an example

A

Allows bones to rotate e.g rotating our neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are ball and socket joints? Give an example

A

Allows movement in any direction e,g at hips or shoulders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are condyloid joints? Give an example

A

Allows flexion, extension, adduction and abduction e.g wrist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Whats the difference between adduction and abduction?

A

Add-moves towards the midline of the body

Abd- moves away from the midline of the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is circumduction?

A

The circular movement of a limb extending from the joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is rotation?

A

A turning or rotating movement around a single axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

When extending the leg what are the antagonistic muscle pairs ?

A

Agonist- quadricep

Antagonist- hamstrings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Support, movement, protection, red blood cell production (in bone marrow), mineral storage (calcium + phosphorus in bones)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 5 sections of the spine?(top to bottom)

A

Cervical vertebrae, Thoracic vertebrae, Lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an isometric muscle contraction? Give an example

A

When there is no change in joint angle and muscle length during these contractions e.g performing a plank

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

There are 2 types of isotonic contractions, concentric and eccentric, explain them and give an example

A

Concentric- muscles shorten as muscle fibres contract e.g liflting phase of a bicep curl
Eccentric- muscle lengthens as muscle fibres contract e.g lowering phase of a bicep curl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are Type 1 (slow twitch) muscle fibres? Give an example of an athlete that would need them more

A

Have slow contaction velocity, very resistant to fatigue, provide energy aerobically, best for marathon runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Type 2a (fast twitch) muscle fibres? Give an example of an athlete that would need them more

A

Produce fast + strong muscle contractions but are more prone to fatigue than type 1
Best for 800m runner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are Type 2x (fast twitch) muscle fibres? Give an example of an athlete that would need them more

A

Anaerobic, extremely fast muscle contractions to produce short, fast bursts of power and rapid fatigue
Best for 100m runners

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define stroke volume

A

the volume of blood the heart ejects In one contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define cardiac output

A

Amount of blood pumped out the left ventricle in one minute

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

There are two phases of how the heart pumps blood in and out of the heart, what are they called and what happens in each one?

A

1- Systole, the heart’s two ventricles contract pushing blood out
2- Diastole, heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The amount of force that the heart uses to pump blood around the body ( high blood pressure is not good)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define vascular shunting

A

During exercise blood distribution increases, so heart beats faster and blood vessels constrict

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the acronymn to remember all the lever classes?

A 
FLE123
When F middle= 1st class
When L middle= 2nd class
When E middle= 3rd class
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a fulcrum, a load and an effort? (Levers)

A

F- where it rotates (joint)
L- force applied
E- force going against load (muscles)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does a leaver work?

A

When you exercise, your muscles pull on your bones creating movement, acting as levers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is a first class lever?Give an example

A

Fulcrum in middle

E.g flexion of the neck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is a second class lever?Give an example
The load is in the middle | E.g plantar flexion at the ankle
26
What is a third class lever?Give an example
The effort is in the middle | E.g flesion at the elbow (lifting a dumbbell)
27
What is a mechanically disadvantaged lever system?
When the fulcrum is closer to the effort than the load causing the output force to be less than the imput force (effort)
28
What is a mechanically advantaged lever system?
When the fulcrum is closer to the load that the effort causing the output force to be greater than the input force(effort)
29
Movements have to be ....... to the plane
Parallel
30
What is the sagittal plane? What movements does it allow? give examples
Runs vertically from front to back and divides the body into right and left parts, allows flexion and extension e.g bicep curls or running
31
What is the Frontal plane? What movements does it allow? give examples
Runs vertically from side to side and divides the body into front and back parts, allows abdduction and adduction e.g star jump
32
What is the Transverse plane? What movements does it allows? give examples
Rubs horizontally and divides the body into top and bottom parts, allows for rotation e.g golf swing
33
What is the Frontal axis? Perpendicular to which plane?
Runs horizontally from side to side perpendicular to saggital plane
34
What is the sagittal axis?Perpendicular to which plane?
Runs horizontally from front to back, perpendicular frontal plane
35
What is the vertical axis? Perpendicular to which plane?
Runs vertically top to bottom, perpendicular to the transverse plane
36
What is an axis?
An axis is a straight line around which an object rotates
37
Name the planes and axis a person moves in when performing a somersaults
Sagittal plane, frontal axis
38
Name the planes and axis a person moves in when performing A cartwheel
Frontal, saggital axis
39
Name the planes and axis a person moves in when performing A twist jump on a trampoline
Transverse plane, vertical axis
40
What is an endomorph?
Round and heavy person
41
What is a mesomorph?
athletic build
42
What is ectomorph?
tall and thin
43
Whats the equation to calculate somones maximum heart rate?
220- age=MHR
44
What is the aerobic training threshold? Give some examples
60-80% of MHR, long-distance swimming or jogging
45
What is the anaerobic trainning threshold? Give an exmaple
80%+ MRH, weightlifting or sprinting
46
What are the long term effects of exercise on the muscular-skeletal system?( give 2)
- increased strength of ligaments + tendons - Muscle hypertrophy - increased bone density
47
What are the long term effects of exercise on the cardio-respiratory system? (Give 3)
- decreased resting heart rate - increased stroke volume - increased number if red blood cells - increased number of alveoli - increased lung capacity+ vital capacity
48
Whats the equation to workout someones cardiac output?
Cardiac output= stroke volume X heart rate
49
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of continous training
Ad- limited equipment, easy to monitor progress | Dis- time comsuming, can be repetitive and boring
50
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Fartlek training
Ad- develops both aerobic + anaerobic systems, can be adapted to suit most sports Dis- can be repetitive and boring, difficult to monitor work rate
51
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Interval training
Ad- easy to monitor progress, develops both aerobic+ anaerobic systems Dis- very exhausting, requires a lot of commitment
52
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Circuit training
Ad- more intersting/fun, can be adapted to work on different componets of fitness Dis- a lot of equipment needed, a lot of space needed
53
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Weight training
Ad- can be adapted to improve either muscular stregth or endurance, easy to monitor progress Dis- require specialist equipment, can cause serious injury if bad techniques used
54
Give 2 advantages and 2 disadvantages of Plyometrics training
Ad- no equipment needed, only training that directly improves power Dis- very demanding on muscles and joints, high risk of injury
55
What are the 5 ways to prevent injury in sport?
- warm up + cool down - protective equip/ clothing - checking equipment/ facilites are safe - playing to the rules of the sport - unsing correct principles of training(meet individual needs)
56
What do Beta blockers do?In what sports is it advantageous? Give 2 side effects
They lower heart rate, which is advantageous in precision sports (e.g archery) S.E- insomnia, low blood pressure
57
What do Stimulants do? In what sports is it advantageous? Give 2 side effects
They can increase brain activity and enhance metal and physical alertness. Advantageous in sports with high aggression(rugby) + enedurance events S.E- insomnia, addiction
58
What do Anabolic steroids do? In what sports is it advantageous? Give 2 side effects
Mimics testosterone which promotes muslce growth so athletes can train harder + longer. Advantageous in sports thta require strength e.g weightlifting S.E- aggression/ mood swings, high blood pressure
59
What do Narcotics/Analgesics do? Give 2 side effects
They temporarily reduce pain by repressing the cetral nervous system. This allows athletes to continue to compete despite being injured S.E- further damage to injury, loss of concentration/ coordination
60
What do Diuretics do?In what sports is it advantageous? Give 2 side effects
Increases the rate of unrine production+ reduces amount of fluid in body, which helps lose weight. Also help mask the presence of other banned substances in urine. Advantages for sports that have a weight limit (boxing) S.E- dehydration, heart failure
61
What do Peptite Hormones do? Give 2 side effects
Naturally occuring hormones that facilitate muscle growth and red blood cell production. S.E- thickens blood (difficult to pass through capillaries), risk of heart attack
62
Whats an overuse injury? Give an example
When you train too hard or too often causing continuous stress on body e.g shin splints (in runners)
63
What's an acute injury? Give an example
Sudden injuries when people put too much strain on their bodies e.g pulled muscles
64
Give 2 reasons why someone might take performance enhancing drugs
- pressured by coaches - to get more money/ reward - reversibility, lost their skill - addicted
65
There are 4 types of fractures what are their names?
- simple/closed - compound/open - Stress - Greenstick
66
Whats the difference between a compound and simple fracture?
Simple- bone doent break through skin | Compound- bone breaks through skin
67
Whats a stress fracture? Whats a Greenstick fracture?
Stress- small crack on bone | Green- one side of the bone is broken and the other only bent
68
The acronymn to to treat injuries to reduce swelling + pain is RICE, what does it stand for?
Rest Ice- on injury Compression- on injury with bandage Elevation- raise that injured par of body to reduce blood flow
69
Define a concussion. How does it occur? Give a sporting example
Loss of co-ordination. By a blow to the head. E.g (rugby) smashing your head on the other players shoulder
70
Define a strain. How does it occur? Give a sporting example
Twist, pull or tear of a muscle or tendon. When they are overstretched. E.g sprinter pulling his hamstring due to him nit stretching
71
Define a dislocation. How does it occur? Give a sporting example
When a bone at a joint is forced out of its normal position. By a hard blow to a bone at a joint. In cricket when bowling the balk too hard
72
Define a torn cartilage. How does it occur?
Cartilage( that protects impact from bones) damaged. E.g overuse.
73
Define a soft tissue injury
Damage to muscles, ligaments and tendons.
74
Define a sprain. How does it occur? Give a sporting example
Is a damaged ligament. By over-stretching ligaments. Landing on the side of your foot after jumping for a rebound in basketball
75
Define abrasions. How does it occur? Give a sporting example
Scrapping away of tissue or cells from an area of skins. Caused by friction between skin and another layer. E.g when a football player goes for a slide tackle
76
Vital capacity
Is the maximum amount of air that can be breathed out after breathing in as much air as possible
77
Tidal volume
Is the amount of air breathed in with each normal breath
78
Total lung capacity
Is the total amount of air that the lungs can hold after the biggest possible breath in

Physical Education (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions