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COMPONENT DESIGN (Chapter 10) Flashcards

(74 cards)

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1
Q

The amount and nature of agricultural waste generated by an agricultural enterprise

A

Production

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2
Q

Initial capture and gathering of the waste from the point of origin or deposition to a collection point

A

Collection

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3
Q

Temporary containment of the waste

A

Storage

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4
Q

Designed to reduce the pollution potential of the waste, including physical, biological, and chemical treatment

A

Treatment

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5
Q

Movement and transportation of the waste throughout the system

A

Transfer

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6
Q

Utilization

A

Recycling reusable waste products and reintroducing non-reusable waste products into the environment

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7
Q

Enumerate the AWMS Functions

A

Production, Collection, Storage, Treatment, Transfer, Utilization

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8
Q

Commonly used to divert clean water and avoiding it to be mixed with agricultural waste.

A

Roof gutters and downspouts

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9
Q

If vegetation is allowed to grow tall, the roughness ______ and the channel velocity _____ causing possible channel overflow

A

increases; decreases

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10
Q

These are components that provide efficient collection of animal waste

A

Paved alleys
Gutters
Slatted floors
Mechanical and hydraulic equipment

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11
Q

These are paved areas where animals walk

A

Alleys

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12
Q

Can be used when mechanical scrapers cannot function properly. It is used to scrape wastes from irregularly shaped alleys and open areas.

A

Tractor scraper

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13
Q

Desired width for scrape alleys in swine and poultry production

A

3-8 ft

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14
Q

Desired width for scrape alleys in cattle and beef production

A

8-14 ft

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15
Q

Alleys that can be cleaned by flushing

A

Flush alleys

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16
Q

Salt crystals that can be formed inside pipes abd can cause decreased flow

A

Struvite

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17
Q

Width of open flush alleys for cattle

A

8 to 10 feet

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18
Q

These are narrow trenches used to collect animal waste

A

Gutters

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19
Q

Constructed of reinforced concrete, some are made of wood, plastic or aluminum. Used to collect manure efficiently

A

Slatted Floors

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20
Q

Deep, narrow gutters used in swine finishing. These are at the lowest elevation of pen and can be gravity drained periodically

A

Gravity drain gutters

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21
Q

Also known as gravity gutter or gravity flow channel. Usually used in dairy production.

A

Step-dam gutters

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22
Q

Type of gutter that has no bottom slope. This can be cleaned using either shuttle -stroke or chain and flight gutter cleaners

A

Scrape gutters

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23
Q

Factors to consider in determining the storage period

A

Weather, crop, growing season, equipment availability, soil, soil condition, labor requirements, management flexibility

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24
Q

These are earthen impoundments used to retain manure, bedding, and runoff liquid

A

Waste storage ponds

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25
These structures cab be used for manure that will stack and can be handled by solid manure handling equipment. Can be open or covered
Waste storage structures
26
Considerations in designing solid waste storage ponds and structures
Material selection, control of runoff and seepage, necessary storage capacity, proper design of structural components
27
Ramp slopes considered safe
8 to 1 (horizontal to vertical)
28
Factors to consider in the design of storage facilities
Type, number and size of animals, number of days storage desired, amount of bedding that will be added to manure
29
Limitations and restrictions of earthen storage
Limited space availability, high precipitation, water table, permeable soil, shallow bedrock
30
Inside slopes for storage ponds
1.5 to 1 or 3 fo 1 (horizonal to vertical)
31
A depth of ____ must be provided as free board in storage tanks
0.5 feet
32
A treatment in the presence of oxygen
Aerobic treatment
33
A treatment that occurs without oxygen
Anaerobic treatment
34
Reduction of the nitrogen content of waste
Ammonia volatilization
35
Volume requirement of anaerobic lagoon includes
Minimum treatment volume, manure volume, waste water volume and clean water volume , sludge volume
36
Depth requirement of anaerobic lagoon
Normal precipitation minus evaporation
37
Represent the amount of solid material in wastes that will decompose as opposed to the mineral fraction
Volatile solids
38
Aerobic lagoon takes into account the amount of ____ added per day
BOD5
39
This type of design helps to convert an anaerobic lagoon to an aerobic condition
Mechanically aerated lagoon
40
One option for treating animal waste when sufficient space is not available for a lagoon, and odor control is critical
Oxidation ditches
41
The aerobic biological decomposition of organic matter
Composting
42
A method that involves arrangement of compost mix in long, narrow piles which are periodically turned
Windrow method
43
Depth of windrows in composting via windrow method
4-6 feed deep
44
Width of windrow/ pile in composting via windrow method
6-10 feet wide
45
Consists of mixing the compost material and then stacking the mix on perforated plastic pipe for tubing through which air is drawn or forced
Static pile method
46
The compost mixture height generally ranges from _____ in a static pile method
8-15 ft
47
Width of compost mixture in static pile is _____ its depth
Twice
48
It involves the mixing of manure or other organic waste with bulking agent in a reactor, building, container, or vessel
In-vessel method
49
Factors to consider when selecting particular method of composting
Operator management capability Equipment and labor availability Site features Compost utilization Climate Cost
50
Important considerations when locating wa composting facility
Wind direction Topography Ground water protection Area requirement Existing areas
51
The term used to describe the proper portion of waste, amendments, and bulking agents
Recipe
52
Any item added to the compost mixture that alters the moisture content, C:N ratio or pH
Amendment
53
Used primarily to improve the ability of the compost to be self supporting and to increase porosity to allow internal air movement
Bulking agent
54
Compost design parameters
C:N ratio Moisture pH
55
Composting operational considerations
Composting time Temperature Moisture Odor
56
Stage at which the compost is less than 50°F
Psychrophilic stage
57
Compost at range of 50°F to 105°F
Mesophilic stage
58
Above 105° F, the compost is said to be at
Thermophilic stage
59
Compost process steps
1 Preconditioning of materials (as needed) 2 Mixing of the waste with a bulking agent or amendment 3 Aeration by forced air or mechanical turning 4 moisture adjustments (as needed) 5 Curing (optional) 6 Drying (optional) 7 Bulking agent recovery (as needed or required) 8 storage (as needed)
60
Used to reclaim materials from animal manure. Uses mechanical equipment
Mechanical separator
61
Use for removing solids, soil and other material from runoff from livestock operations
Settling basins
62
Often used to prepare waste to facilitate another function. This involves adding clean water or another waste that has less total solids to the waste, resulting in a waste that has a desired percentage of total solids
Dilution
63
Can be a shallow channel or a wide, flat area of vegetation used for removing suspended solids and nutrients from concentrated livestock area runoff and other liquid wastes
Vegetative filters
64
A paved structure leading to a manure storage facility
Ramp
65
A level of ramp that projects into the storage or treatment facility
Dock
66
Displacement pumps
Piston, air pressure transfer, diaphragm, and progressive cavity pumps
67
Classification of pump: Centrifugal
Vertical shaft, horizontal shaft, submersible pumps
68
Gaseous byproducts of anaerobic digestion
Methane,. Carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, water vapor
69
Biogas is typically made up of
55 to 65 percent methane, 35 to 45 percent CO2 and traces of ammonia and hydrogen sulfide
70
Heating value of biogas
994 BTU/ft³
71
Composition of biogas that gives off odor similar to rotten eggs
Hydrogen sulfide
72
Type of digester used for thick manure (12-24%TS)
Plug flow
73
Kind of equipment used to handle solid manure
Bix spreader or flail spreader
74
Slurry wastes are handled using
Tank wagons or flail spreader

AWMS (2 decks)

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