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NF0604A > Components and Functions of Computer Systems > Flashcards

Components and Functions of Computer Systems Flashcards

1
Q

What is a computer?

A

A programmable electronic device that accepts data, performs operations and presents and stores the results.

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2
Q

What are the two main components of a computer?

A

Hardware and software

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3
Q

What is software?

A

Instructions of programs which are used with a computer.

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3
Q

What is hardware?

A

The physcial parts of a computer are called hardware

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4
Q

What does data consist of?

A

Raw facts and figures

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5
Q

Information is data that has been:

A

Summarised and transformed

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6
Q

What are the 4 basic operations of a computer?

A

Input, processing, output and storage

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7
Q

What are the advantages of computers?

A

Speed, Reliability, Increased storage, consistency, Automation

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8
Q

What are disadvantages of computers?

A

Impact on labour force, violation of privacy/public ethics, health issues

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9
Q

What are the classifications of Hardware components?

A

Internal and External Hardware components

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10
Q

What is internal hardware components?

A

Hardware located inside the main box or system unit of the computer i.e motherboard, network card, hard drive, RAM

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10
Q

What are external hardware components?

A

Hardware located outside the system unit, however, is still connected via wireless or wired connection. i.e keyboard, mouse, touchpad, gaming controller

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11
Q

What is an input device? List examples

A

Any equipment which is used to input data into the computer. i.e keyboard, mouse, digital pen

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12
Q

What is an output device?

A

Output devices accept processed data from the computer and present the result to the user or to another machine. i.e speakers, monitors, projectors, printers

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13
Q

What is CPU?

A

Central processing unit is the main processing device and brain of the computer. It controls the computers operations and performs calculations and comparisons for processing.

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14
Q

What are storage devices?

A

These are devices which can be used to save data, program setting or output for future use. It is an example of non-volatile storage. i.e hard drives, flash memory cards, flash memory card reader flash drives

15
Q

What are communication devices? List examples

A

These are devices which allow users to communicate electronically with others or access remote information through the internet, school or a company network. Modems, network adapters, routers

16
Q

What is software?

A

The program or instructions used to tell the computer hardware what to do/

17
Q

What are the two types of software?

A

System software and application software.

18
Q

What is system software?

A

A program which allows a computer to operate collectively. The main system software is the operating system.

19
Q

What is the operating system.

A

A computer software which start up the computer and controls its operation. It is the most important program that runs on a computer.

20
Q

What does the operating system do?

A

starts up the computer and controls its operation
sets up new hardware
allows users to run other software
allows users to manage the documents stored on their computers

21
Q

What are examples of operating systems?

A

IOS, Andriod, Windows, Mac OS, Linux

22
Q

What are the basic tasks of an operating system?

A

provides a user interface so that we can interact with the computer

manages applications that are running on the computer, starting them when on requests and stopping them when no longer needed
manages files, helping us save our work, organise our files, find files that we have saved and load files

manages the computer memory, deciding what should be loaded into memory and what should be removed

looks after the computer security, preventing unauthorised access to the system

manages the computer’s input and output hardware such as disk drives and printers

23
Q

What is application software?

A

Application software is software which consists of programs designed to allow people to perform specific tasks using a computer, such as:

creating letters (word processing software)
preparing budgets (spreadsheet software)
managing inventory and customer databases (database software)
playing games (gaming software)
watching videos or listening to music (multimedia software)
editing digital photographs (image editing software)
exchanging e-mail (e-mail programs)

24
Q

What are the differences between Software and Hardware?

A

Hardware:
Physical parts of the computer
You can see and touch
Constructed using physical components
Can be replaced if damaged
Not affected by computer viruses
Cannot be transferred from one place to another electronically
Cannot make duplicate copies

Software:
A set of instructions given to the computer
Cannot be touched or felt
It is developed by writing instructions in a programming language.
Controlled through software
Backup copies can be reinstalled if the software is damaged or corrupted
Affected by computer viruses
Can be transferred electronically
Users can make duplicate copies

25
Q

What is a user interface?

A

A user interface is an interaction method by which a user and the computer exchange information and instructions

26
Q

What are the two types of user interface?

A

Command Line Interface (CLI) and Graphical User Interface (GUI)

27
Q

What is a command Line Interface (CLI)?

A

A type of user interface which allows the user to interact with the computer by typing in commands i.e. set of instructions

The computer displays a command prompt, then a user key(s) in the command and press enter or return

An example of a common command driven interface is MS-DOS

For example to copy a text file called HELLO from a USB memory stick to the hard drive the user would have to type:

> COPY F:\HELLO.TXT C:\

28
Q

What is Graphical User Interface?

A

GUI is an interface built around visual (graphical) displays:
Windows are regions of the screen used to display information
Icons are small pictures that are used to represent folders, software, etc
Menus are list of options the user can select from

29
Q

What are examples of GUIs?

A

Windows, Apple OSX and Ubuntu all have GUI

Windows Vista, 7 and others: an operating system by Microsoft

Apple OSX: an operating system by Apple Computers

Ubuntu: an open source operating system

NF0604A (4 decks)

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